Comparison of emissions from steam- and water-assisted lab-scale flames

Bello, Olanrewaju W.; Zamani, M.; Abbasi-Atibeh, Ehsan; Kostiuk, Larry W.; Olfert, Jason S.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121107

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The use of water or steam injection during combustion of liquid fuels is a promising way to reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust flue gas, reduce soot formation, contribute to dispersion of liquid fuel, and suppress detonation in internal combustion engines [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Along with this, a review of the literature showed that an effective method for suppressing harmful emissions is also the concept according to which the liquid fuel, before entering the combustion chamber, must be atomized, heated to the evaporation temperature and mixed with an oxidizing agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of the effect of superheated steam supply during the combustion of liquid fuel in a burner on the reduction of harmful emissions

Кузнецов

Дектерев

Ануфриев

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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In this work, the process of combustion of hydrocarbon fuel in the original burner of the evaporative type with the supply of superheated water vapor to the reaction zone is investigated using numerical modeling. N-heptane was used as a model fuel. The turbulent flow of gases was modeled on the basis of the RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes) approach. The combustion was simulated with the EDC (Eddy Dissipation Concept) model using a reduced chemical reaction mechanism. Calculation studies of the effect of steam on the processes occurring in the combustion chamber were carried out. Comparative analysis of the calculation results with experimental data showed good agreement in terms of the main integral parameters. The positive effect of the influence of steam injection into the active combustion zone of hydrocarbon fuel on the reduction of harmful emissions is shown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical study of the effect of superheated steam supply during the combustion of liquid fuel in a burner on the reduction of harmful emissions

Кузнецов

Дектерев

Ануфриев

et al. 2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Several previous experimental and theoretical studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of flare assist media, ,− waste gas flow rate, ,, and other operating factors including waste gases heating value, , crosswind velocity, , flare head configuration, etc. as relates to the CE aimed at finding the optimum range of each factor to achieve high CE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They found that water-assisted flare suppresses soot emissions and decreases NOx and soot emissions more than steam-assisted flare. 12 Ahsan et al investigated the effects of air and steam assist on flare CE and pollutant emissions. In their work, a concentric two-circular tubes burner was used to provide coflow of natural gas and assist medium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Better Air-Assisted Flare Design for Safe and Efficient Operation during Purge Flow Conditions: Designing and Performance Testing

et al. 2022

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In this study, a new air-assisted flare tip was designed, built, and tested under different operating conditions. Lacking sufficient energy to mix with air, low waste gas flow rates will lead to incomplete combustion of these gases. This increases pollutant emissions and soot formation which leads to a decline in flare performance. This flare tip design enhances the waste gas mixing energy through implementation of an air jet in a crossflow orientation. This is done by adjusting the exit area of the waste gas exit by injecting a radial jet of air from an inclined slot jet located around the flare tip. This flare tip design also provides protection for the flare tip from high flame temperatures that can damage through convective cooling. Several tests were conducted to assess the new flare tip design with varying waste gas flow rates of 5, 10, 25, and 120 standard liters per minute (SLPM). These tests also considered varying assistant air flow rates. In addition, test results showed high combustion efficiency of the flaring process and significant soot formation suppression. The new flare tip design yielded better flame behavior with respect to the flare tip, caused by the flame stability that prevented the flame from attaching to the flare tip.

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“…Water is well known for its ability to extinguish flames (e.g., Richard et al 2003;Atreya et al 2000), which is primarily attributed to dilution effects on the combustion reactants and a consequential decrease in the flame temperature below which oxidation reactions may be sustained. Conversely, water and steam have also been found to aid combustion and reduce emissions of unwanted pollutants (Bello et al 2021;Kazemimanesh et al 2021;Zamani et al 2021;Trivanovic et al 2020;Richard et al 2003;Dryer 1977). Atreya et al (2000) studied the impact of water injection on flames with various oxygen concentrations, providing insight into the differing ways water may impact combustion.…”

Section: Effects From Water/ Steammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments on vertical, turbulent, non-premixed flames (i.e., lab-scale flares) have shown that the injection of water droplets decreases both the size and concentration of emitted soot particles (Kazemimanesh et al 2021;Sipkens et al 2021;Trivanovic et al 2020). Bello et al (2021) conducted experiments entraining water in the form of both liquid droplets and steam into lab-scale flares. Liquid droplets were found to be more efficient at inhibiting soot emission than similar quantities of steam.…”

Section: Effects From Water/ Steammentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas- and Particulate-Phase Emissions from Lab-Scale Flares Experiencing Liquid Carryover

Roth¹

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At upstream oil and gas production sites, separators frequently allow saline produced water aerosols to be entrained into flares, a phenomenon known as liquid carryover. This study assesses the impacts on gas-and solid-phase emissions from adding saline solutions to a lab-scale flare. Atomized aqueous solutions containing NaCl, KCl, or NaOH were added to a vertical turbulent diffusion flame burning a hydrocarbon gas mixture representative of flares in Alberta, Canada. The combustion products were analyzed to quantify emission rates of major pollutants and optical properties of the particulate. Over the range of test conditions yields of gas-phase pollutants increased by as much as fortyfold with added NaCl, while black carbon emissions increased by up to three times. Emitted particulate had a greater absorption capacity contributing to an increase in expected radiative forcing effects in the climate. Empirical guidelines for liquid separation requirements to avoid severe increases in emissions were developed.

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Comparison of emissions from steam- and water-assisted lab-scale flames

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Numerical study of the effect of superheated steam supply during the combustion of liquid fuel in a burner on the reduction of harmful emissions

Numerical study of the effect of superheated steam supply during the combustion of liquid fuel in a burner on the reduction of harmful emissions

Toward a Better Air-Assisted Flare Design for Safe and Efficient Operation during Purge Flow Conditions: Designing and Performance Testing

Gas- and Particulate-Phase Emissions from Lab-Scale Flares Experiencing Liquid Carryover

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