Comparison of Eleven Soil Termiticides Against the Formosan Subterranean Termite and Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Toxicity of Acetamiprid to Workers of <i>Reticulitermes flaviceps</i> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), <i>Coptotermes formosanus</i> (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) and <i>Odontotermes formosanus</i> (Isoptera: Termitidae)

“…Any termites attempting to penetrate the treated soil were either killed or repelled. 14) Several chloronicotinyl insecticides such as imidacloprid and thiamethoxam have been studied extensively for the control of subterranean termites. 15,16) Boucias et al 17) reported that imidacloprid treatment caused workers of R. flavipes to become sluggish, inhibited grooming and tunneling, and eventually caused death.…”

Potential toxicity assessment of novel selected pesticides against sand termite, Psammotermes hypostoma Desneux workers (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) under field conditions in Egypt

“…The subterranean termite is the most economically important wood destroying insect not only in Egypt but also in United States. They are classified as serious pests which cost millions of dollars in annual control (Su and Scheffrahn 1990;Su 1994;Su and Scheffrahn 1998;.…”

Factors Affecting Performance of Soil Termiticides

“…Pre-construction soil treatments with cyclodienes became the standard method of subterranean termite prevention from the late 1940s until 1988 (Lewis, 1980;Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b). The cyclodienes, particularly chlordane, were extremely efficacious and stable in soil, often protecting structures from subterranean termite infestation for several decades (Grace et al, 1993;Lenz et al, 1990;Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b). Because of their residual longevity, questions were raised about the environmental impact of these chemicals (Lewis, 1980;Su & Scheffrahn, 1990a;Wood & Pierce, 1991).…”

“…The pyrethroids are more persistent than chlorpyrifos, but less stable in the soil than the cyclodienes (Lenz et al, 1990;Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b). Soil barriers composed of pyrethroids are more likely to fail than barriers composed of cyclodienes or chlorpyrifos (Forschler, 1994;Kard, 1999;Lenz et al, 1990;Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b;Su et al, 1993) because pyrethroids are repellant to subterranean termites Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b;Su et al, 1993). Beginning in 2000, several new nonrepellant soil termiticides appeared on the market: fipronil, a phenyl pyrazole (Aventis Corp., 2001), imidacloprid, a chloronicotinyl (Bayer Corp., 2000), and chlorfenapyr, a pyrrole (BASF Corp., 2001).…”

“…This limited potential for transfer emphasizes the importance of bioavailability of termiticides in soil over an extended period of time. Failure of soil termiticide treatments is often related to factors other than the active ingredient (Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b). Efficacy and longevity of soil treatments varies greatly with application rate, soil properties Su & Scheffrahn, 1990b), termite pressure (Jones, 1990), and application technique (Forschler, 1994;Su et al, 1995).…”