“…Sample size ranged from 16 to 134 patients with a mean of 52 patients. Concerning adult studies; two were conducted in the OR during liver transplantation surgery [31,39], three during cardiac surgery [28,29,36], two both during cardiac surgery and post cardiac surgery in the ICU [30,33], two in the ICU [35,40], three in the cardiology unit [34,37,38] and one in the outpatient unit [32]. Concerning pediatric studies; four were conducted in the OR [45,47,49,50], two in the ICU [43,44], two in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) [46,51], and three in the outpatient unit [41,42,48].…”