Comparison of Electric Stimulation Methods for Reduction of Triceps Surae Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury

Salm, A. van der; Veltink, Petrus H.; IJzerman, Maarten J.; Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Catharina Gerarda Maria; Nene, A.V.; Hermens, Hermie

doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.09.024

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In clinical studies, it has been demonstrated that brushing or stroking of the skin over a muscle leads to modulation of the motor neuron (MN) pool in neurological disease 1,2) . Studies utilizing electrical stimulation of the skin have demonstrated a change in MN excitability in patients with spinal cord injury 3,4) . However, it is unclear whether alteration of the MN pool has a facilitative or inhibitory effect induced by cutaneous stimulation of the dermatome far from the working muscle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cold Stimulation of the Dermatome Modulates Activation of the Quadriceps

et al. 2012

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Abstract. [Purpose] To examine electromyographic (EMG) activity change during dynamic contraction of the quadriceps with skin cold stimulation (SCS) over the vastus lateralis (VL) and L4 dermatome area on the medial side of the lower leg. [Subjects and Methods] Seventeen healthy male volunteers participated. Dynamic knee extension was performed at 15% maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). SCS is a method used to cool the skin to 25 °C using a gel-cooling pad. The SCS method has no effect on the muscle below the cooled skin. Subjects performed dynamic knee extension under 4 randomly selected conditions: (1) SCS of skin over the VL (SCS VL ), (2)without SCS of skin over the VL (non-SCS VL ), (3) SCS of L4 dermatome area on the medial side of the lower leg (SCS L4 ), and (4) without SCS of L4 dermatome area on the medial side of the lower leg (non-SCS L4 ). Surface EMG from the rectus femoris (RF), VL, and vastus medialis (VM) were recorded using miniature electrodes.[Results] The root mean square of the EMG (rmsEMG) of the VL with SCS was significantly greater than activation without SCS, but was decreased by SCS L4 . However, the activity of RF and VM did not change in any condition.[Conclusion] Our results suggest that the influence of cutaneous input can demonstrably modulate muscle activation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Cold Stimulation of the Dermatome Modulates Activation of the Quadriceps

et al. 2012

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“…Van der Salm et al (2006) observaram redução da espasticidade do músculo tríceps sural em pacientes com lesão medular completa após a utilização de EENM. Lima et al (2008) relataram efeitos satisfatórios dos exercícios dinâmicos e da EENM na redução da espasticidade dos músculos flexores e extensores do joelho, por meio dos dados obtidos no modo passivo (120 °/s) do dinamômetro isocinético.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Resistência ao movimento e atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos flexores e extensores de cotovelo em pacientes hemiparéticos espásticos submetidos à crioterapia e estimulação elétrica neuromuscular

Silva¹,

Borges²,

Lima³

et al. 2012

RBEB

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Resumo A espasticidade quase sempre coexiste a um Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE), devido à lesão do motoneurônio superior, provocando um impacto nas atividades da vida diária e na qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Por esse motivo é de suma importância o controle do tônus muscular, que pode ser alcançado por meio de recursos fisioterapêuticos, como a crioterapia e a Estimulação Elétrica Neuromuscular (EENM

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“…It may aid in enhancing the mechanism of reciprocal inhibition, which may be beneficial in reducing spasticity [16]. However, there is limited evidence available on the optimal methods of stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is thought to be caused by the Renshaw cell, which has a negative feedback loop to the alpha motor neuron, and this mechanism is found to be decreased in spastic patients [23]. Agonist muscle stimulation can be used to enhance the recurrent inhibition as an inhibitory pathway for the agonist muscle [16]. Antagonist muscle stimulation enhances the mechanism of reciprocal inhibition, which is seen to be decreased in patients with SCI [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Agonist vs. Antagonist Stimulation on Triceps Surae Spasticity in Spinal Cord

Khanna

Kaur²

2017

IRJ

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Objectives:One of the most common and disabling complications that affects individuals with spinal cord injury is spasticity. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of agonist and antagonist electrical stimulations on triceps surae muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods:A total of 30 subjects with spinal cord injury were considered for the study. They were divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 received agonist electrical stimulation (stimulation of triceps surae) and group 2 received antagonist electrical stimulation (stimulation of tibialis anterior) for 20 min, once daily, and 5 days per week for two weeks. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, modified Ashworth score, deep tendon reflex score and clonus score were tested before and after the treatment. Post treatment evaluation was made 24 h after the last treatment session.Results: Both the groups showed significant reductions in the modified Ashworth scores and deep tendon reflex scores after the intervention, but these reductions were not found in the clonus score. Also, there was no significant difference in the post intervention scores of modified Ashworth scale, deep tendon reflex and clonus score between the two groups.Discussion: This study provides evidence that both agonist electrical stimulation and antagonist electrical stimulations are equally effective in reducing spasticity in triceps surae muscle in patients with spinal cord injury.

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Comparison of Electric Stimulation Methods for Reduction of Triceps Surae Spasticity in Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 45 publications

References 35 publications

Skin Cold Stimulation of the Dermatome Modulates Activation of the Quadriceps

Skin Cold Stimulation of the Dermatome Modulates Activation of the Quadriceps

Resistência ao movimento e atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos flexores e extensores de cotovelo em pacientes hemiparéticos espásticos submetidos à crioterapia e estimulação elétrica neuromuscular

Comparison of Agonist vs. Antagonist Stimulation on Triceps Surae Spasticity in Spinal Cord

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