Comparison of efficacy and safety of preventive measures used against canine leishmaniasis in southern European countries: Longitudinal retrospective study in 1647 client-owned dogs (2012–2016)

Fernández, Mireia; Tabar, María‐Dolores; Arcas, Antoni; Mateu, Cristina; Homedes, Josep; Roura, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.09.014

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Quantitative serological diagnosis is essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of CanL, and although many veterinarians used the IFAT technique (66.7%) and quantitative ELISA (51.8%) frequently or systematically, there were also many clinics that used rapid tests (70.5%) as the first diagnostic approach, in agreement with the results of similar surveys [25,26,63]. While a rapid test may help confirm clinically suspected cases as they show high specificity in sick dogs, the indirect fluorescent antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are the most suitable serological tools according the LeishVet group and OIE [2,64], as confirmed by several authors [65][66][67].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part II: current clinical management and control according to a national survey of veterinary practitioners

et al. 2020

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Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a parasitic zoonotic disease, endemic in the Mediterranean basin including Spain. While knowledge about CanL, its management, treatment, prevention and control mounts, it remains unclear whether all clinical veterinarians follow the same international recommendations, such as those of the LeishVet group. This study was thus designed to assess recent trends in the clinical management of CanL in veterinary clinics across Spain through a questionnaire-based survey. Results were compared with those of a prior national multicenter questionnaire administered by our research team in 2005.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part II: current clinical management and control according to a national survey of veterinary practitioners

et al. 2020

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“…Regarding repellent brands, a previous study [ 23 ] reported that the most frequently recommended were Seresto ® , Advantix ® and Scalibor ® . Both the present study and an additional study [ 19 ] showed similar results with the most used collar being Scalibor ® while Advantix ® was the most used spot-on. Interestingly, a study performed in north-eastern Spain [ 22 ] described a preference for recommending collars (98% of the veterinarians recommended collars to their clients) over spot-on (67% of the veterinarians recommended spot-on), in disagreement with the present results in which there was no difference between the use of collar or spot-on, although the reason for these results could be related to the higher use of collars in periurban and rural areas compared to urban areas found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Some studies have investigated the use of preventive measures in L. infantum endemic countries, although their focus was the efficacy and safety of those measures [ 16 , 19 , 20 ] or the veterinary recommendations for their use to dog owners [ 21 – 25 ]. In addition, the development and marketing of new preventive measures such as Letifend ® may change the use of the already marketed products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

Solano‐Gallego

2022

Parasites Vectors

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Background There are several screening tools for detecting Leishmania infantum infection in dogs and various preventive measures to protect against it. Some studies have investigated them, but not many have described their current use. The aim of this study was to investigate which preventive measures and serological screening tools for L. infantum infection were employed from 2012 to 2018 in dogs from different endemic European countries. Methods A set of electronic datasheets was completed for each dog from several veterinary centres. Classification of preventive measures included: (1) repellents, (2) vaccines and (3) immunomodulators. Classification of serological tests included the: (1) direct agglutination test (DAT), (2) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), (3) indirect immunofluorescence (IFI), (4) rapid tests and (5) other assays. Dogs were also classified depending on their risk of exposure and living area. Results Information from 3762 dogs was gathered. Preventive measures were applied in 91.5% of dogs and the most frequently used were repellents (86.2%) followed by vaccines (39.8%) and Leisguard® (15.3%). The different types of repellents (collar and spot-on) were used similarly. A combination of a vaccine and repellents was preferred in the high-risk group while the low-risk preferred a combination of Leisguard® and a repellent (Chi-square test: X2 = 88.41, df = 10, P < 0.001). Furthermore, all preventive measures were similarly used through the years except for repellents, which were predicted to have a small increase of use each year. Regarding serological screening tools, the most used were rapid and ELISA tests. Rapid tests, ELISA tests and DAT were used similarly through the years, but a significant change was found in the use of IFI and other assays whose use decreased a little each year. Conclusions Repellents were the preferred measure, while vaccines and Leisguard® were second-line options. Some dogs were not treated by any measures, which highlights the need for dog owner education. Moreover, there seems to be a preference for rapid tests in the clinical setting to detect specific L. infantum antibodies while ELISA or IFI are less often employed. This underlines an increasing problem, as qualitative rapid tests have a variable diagnostic performance limiting the adequate diagnosis of seropositive dogs in endemic areas. Graphical abstract

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“…Quantitative serological diagnosis is essential in the diagnosis and monitoring of CanL, and although many veterinarians used the IFAT technique (66.7%) and quantitative ELISA (51.8%) frequently or systematically, there were also many clinics that used rapid tests (70.5%) as the first diagnostic approach, in agreement with the results of similar surveys [25,26,59]. While a rapid test may help confirm clinically suspected cases as they show high specificity in sick dogs, the indirect fluorescent antibody test and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are the most suitable serological tools according the LeishVet group and OIE [2,60], as confirmed by several authors [61,62,63].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain (Part II): current clinical management and control according to a national survey in practitioners

Montoya

Gálvez

Checa

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a parasitic zoonotic disease, endemic in the Mediterranean basin including Spain. While knowledge about CanL, its management, treatment, prevention and control mounts, it remains unclear whether all clinical veterinarians follow the same international recommendations, such as those of the LeishVet group. This study was thus designed to assess recent trends in the clinical management of CanL in veterinary clinics across Spain through a questionnaire-based survey. Results were compared with those of our prior national multicenter questionnaire administered by our research team in 2005. Methods A questionnaire consisting of 28 questions about CanL was developed using Google Forms and distributed by email to 1428 veterinary clinics in Spain. Questions were designed to obtain data on common clinical signs, techniques and complementary exams used to diagnose the disease, and on its monitoring, treatment and control measures. Data were collected in a database for statistical analysis. Results Completed questionnaires were returned by 295 clinics. Compared to the situation in 2005, replies indicate that clinical signs of CanL have not changed significantly, cutaneous lesions being still the most prevalent sign observed by practitioners. Quantitative serological techniques are considered an adequate approach to diagnosis, provided their results are supported by the findings of a thorough physical exam, as well as complementary tests (complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, plasma protein electrophoretogram and complete urinalysis). Treatment protocols and check-ups follow international recommendations. Finally, a multimodal approach is being endorsed to adequately control CanL including preventive measures such as: annual serological check-ups and the combination of repellents and vaccines. Besides, owners are being better informed about CanL by veterinarians, which translates to the improved control of this zoonosis. Conclusions The clinical management of CanL has recently undergone significant changes owing to improvements in clinical knowledge of the disease, more unified international criteria, improved diagnostic techniques and their adequate interpretation, as well as a greater awareness of the disease transmitted to owners.

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Comparison of efficacy and safety of preventive measures used against canine leishmaniasis in southern European countries: Longitudinal retrospective study in 1647 client-owned dogs (2012–2016)

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part II: current clinical management and control according to a national survey of veterinary practitioners

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain, Part II: current clinical management and control according to a national survey of veterinary practitioners

Use of preventive measures and serological screening tools for Leishmania infantum infection in dogs from Europe

Latest trends in L. infantum infection in dogs in Spain (Part II): current clinical management and control according to a national survey in practitioners

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