Comparison of effects of a single dose of MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID with three commercial porcine vaccine associations against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) on piglet growth during the nursery period under field conditions

Abstract

Pigs routinely undergo stressful vaccination procedures, which are often unavoidable given the unavailability of safer alternatives, challenging animal welfare. The available vaccines for Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo) or Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are mostly administered intramuscularly in association to prevent Porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID is the first vaccine protecting from both agents by intradermal route. This randomized, blind-field trial aimed to compare the effects of MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID with those of three different intramuscular associations of commercially available vaccines. A total of 7072 21-day-old piglets from 12 consecutive batches in one farm were randomly vaccinated with MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID (G1) or Ingelvac CircoFLEX® + Hyogen® (G2), Porcilis® PCV + M + PAC® (G3), and Porcilis® PCV + Hyogen® (G4). Growth performance during the nursery period and adverse reactions (ARs) after vaccine administration were monitored. Average Daily Weight Gain (ADWG) during the first 7 days post-weaning in G1 was 10.92, 3.03, and 20.08 g/day higher than in G2, G3, and G4, respectively, and 0.65, 4.06, and 9.58 g/day higher than in G2, G3, and G4 during the entire nursery period, respectively. G1 ADWG was significantly higher than G4 during both periods and significantly higher than G2 during the first 7 days post-weaning. Incidence of systemic ARs in G2 and G4 was 0.03% and 0.32%, respectively; none were recorded in G1 and G3. Replacing the usual intramuscular vaccination with MHYOSPHERE® PCV ID results in higher growth performance during the first weeks after weaning with no systemic ARs.

Clinical Efficacy of Two Novel, Differentially Administered (IM, ID) Vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PCV2 in Swine under Field Conditions

“…As could be observed in our study and based on observations in other farms, piglets vaccinated intramuscularly with vaccine A stopped feeding for about one day and exhibited depressed behavior. This was reflected in higher weights in animals of group B at time point 2, i.e., at week 15, and was also already observed in another study comparing these two vaccines [ 19 ]. However, this difference was reversed at the time of slaughter, albeit not at a significant level.…”

Skin-Based Vaccination: A Systematic Mapping Review of the Types of Vaccines and Methods Used and Immunity and Protection Elicited in Pigs

“…Adjuvants are used to enhance and modulate vaccine-induced immunity. Over 60% of identified papers using skin-based vaccination in pigs included adjuvants; the majority mixed or co-inoculated with the vaccine [ 51 , 76 , 88 , 108 , 110 , 112 , 113 , 115 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 129 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 146 , 151 , 153 , 154 , 156 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 168 , 179 , 180 , 182 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 196 , 198 , 199 , 201 , 202 ,…”

“…Out of the 117 papers, 10 focus on safety aspects with no mention of the immune response [ 108 , 130 , 149 , 154 , 160 , 168 , 185 , 200 , 201 , 216 ] and 3 focus on the innate immune response [ 88 , 199 , 207 ]. The remaining 104 papers assess vaccine-induced adaptive immunity and/or efficacy.…”

“…The general systemic side effects of vaccination, including fever, weight loss and fatigue, were only mild or absent in the pigs vaccinated using the skin route [ 110 , 113 , 123 , 131 , 132 , 134 , 135 , 138 , 140 , 151 , 153 , 157 , 158 , 160 , 179 , 188 , 203 , 221 , 222 , 227 , 228 , 233 , 239 ]. In addition, co-administration of multiple vaccines into the skin has shown the same safety profile as individual vaccines for PCV2, PRRSV, M. hyopneumonia and L. intracellularis [ 153 , 220 ], which is not only convenient for the farmer but can also reduce the stress of handling and potential pain to the animals.…”