Comparison of effectiveness of citric acid and other acids in leaching of low-grade Indonesian saprolitic ores

Astuti, Widi; Hirajima, Tsuyoshi; Sasaki, Keiko; Okibe, Naoko

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2015.10.001

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The leaching behavior and kinetics of nickel laterite is affected by parameters such as particle size, pulp density, temperature and the acidity of leaching solution as observed by previous work [2]. Citric acid is a carboxylic acid with three steps of disassociation based on that premise, the possible reaction on the leaching of nickel laterite can be hypothesized as follows [7], [8]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…From the result, it is shown that the maximum recovery of all metals was achieved on ore size of 100-120 mesh with the maximum recovery of Ni at 1.37%, Fe at 0.10%, Al at 0.72% and Mg at 0.62%. The kinetic of leaching process of nickel laterite ore itself followed shrinking core model (SCM) with reactant diffusion through the ash layer as the ratecontrolling step [2,5].…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The processing of those ore though has not been efficient. Only high grade saprolite is being processed for nickel production while the low-grade saprolite and limonite are removed to become waste in the mining areas [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous work have assessed that for the leaching process of nickel laterite, diffusion is the rate-controlling step in the process [2], [5]. This work is focused on the effect of pulp density and particle size of laterite ore on the leaching process of Pomalaa nickel laterite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of pulp density and particle size on indirect bioleaching of Pomalaa nickel laterite using metabolic citric acid

Petrus

Wanta

Setiawan

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Abstract. Nickel laterite ore contains oxide of iron, aluminum or both with nickel, cobalt and chromium which can be leached out using hydrometallurgical process. For the purpose of meeting the world's increasing demand of nickel, there is a need to invent environmentally friendly process to efficiently leach nickel. This experiment used nickel laterite ore obtained from Pomalaa, South Sulawesi. The leaching agent is metabolic citric acid produced by Aspergillus niger under optimum condition. Leaching process was done in three-necked flask in atmospheric temperature and constant stirring speed of 200 rpm. The variable examined in the experiment was pulp density and particle size of nickel laterite ore. Samples were taken at 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 minutes and then filtered and diluted to be analyzed using ICP-AES. The result of the experiment showed the maximum recovery of metals increase with the decrease of the pulp density. The maximum recovery for varying pulp density were at 5% solid/liquid ratio and the recovery were Ni at 1.63%, Al at 0.47%, Fe at 0.23% and Mg at 1.09%. The effect of particle size on leaching process showed that the leaching process follows the shrinking core model. The maximum recovery of metals at particle size were at 100-120 mesh with Ni at 1.37%, Fe at 0.10%, Al at 0.72% and Mg at 0.62%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of pulp density and particle size on indirect bioleaching of Pomalaa nickel laterite using metabolic citric acid

Petrus

Wanta

Setiawan

et al. 2018

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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“…22) The formation of complexes at the mineral surface shifts the electron density toward the metal ion, which destabilizes the M-O lattice bonds and facilitates detachment of metal ions into the solution. 23) This process can effectively destroy the crystal lattice and promote dissolution of the mineral phase. Therefore, under the same pH, citric acid showed a stronger ability to dissolve slag, and a higher dissolution ratio was obtained.…”

Section: Effect Of Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cooling Rate and Acid on Extracting Soluble Phosphorus from Slag with High P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Content by Selective Leaching

Gao

Ueda

et al. 2017

ISIJ Int.

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With the use of low-grade iron ores with high P content, slag with high P 2 O 5 content generated after dephosphorization is considered a great potential source of P. Because of the solubility difference between the solid solution and matrix phase, it is possible to extract the P-rich solid solution selectively from slag by leaching. The soluble P obtained is suitable to produce phosphate fertilizers. To achieve selective leaching of P and increase its dissolution ratio, the effects of the cooling rate and acid on dissolution of the slag in aqueous solutions at pH 5 and 7 were investigated. This study found that during solidification, slow cooling facilitates coarsening of the solid solution and formation of the magnesioferrite phase. The solid solution was dissolved preferentially. At pH 7, the air-cooled slag showed the highest dissolution ratio of P. When the pH was decreased to 5, slag dissolution was significantly promoted. As the cooling rate decreased, the dissolution ratio of P increased. Slow cooling not only enhanced dissolution of the solid solution but also suppressed dissolution of the matrix phase. Citric acid performed better in promoting dissolution of slag. At pH 5, almost all of the solid solution was dissolved from the furnace-cooled slag. However, the dissolution ratio of Fe was also high. When nitric acid was used, 66.8% of the solid solution was dissolved, without dissolution of large amounts of the matrix phase. After leaching, the P 2 O 5 content in the residue reduced and the Fe 2 O 3 content increased.

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Dissolution optimization and kinetics of nickel and cobalt from iron‐rich laterite ore, using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure

Nasab

Noaparast

Abdollahi

2020

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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More than 70% of the world's nickel reserves are found in laterite ores. In this research, a laterite ore sample, containing Ni, Co, and Fe, was employed to study the recovery of nickel and cobalt. Thus, the effect of calcination, acid concentration, percent solids, and stirring rate on nickel and cobalt recoveries from an iron‐rich laterite sample was investigated. Optimization with response surface methodology and kinetic studies were performed. The calcination of the sample prior to leaching at 500°C for 2 h provided condition for better nickel and cobalt dissolutions. At optimal conditions, the concentration of sulfuric acid, solid‐to‐liquid ratio, stirring speed, temperature, and time test were equal to 5 M, 0.1, 370 rpm, 90°C, and 2 h, respectively. The highest recoveries of nickel and cobalt were 65.9% and 63.1%, respectively. Solids content had a negative effect on Ni and Co recovery, whereas acid concentration was positively affected. Addition of 10% (w/v) NaCl in the presence of 5 M acid concentration, 60°C, 370 rpm, and leaching time of 2 h increased the nickel and cobalt recoveries, 15.3% and 21.4%, respectively. The high dependence of process on temperature indicates chemical control; the activation energies Ea = 59.54 and Ea = 45.74 kJ/mol, respectively, for nickel and cobalt, were also consistent with this conclusion.

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Comparison of effectiveness of citric acid and other acids in leaching of low-grade Indonesian saprolitic ores

Cited by 98 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of pulp density and particle size on indirect bioleaching of Pomalaa nickel laterite using metabolic citric acid

Effect of pulp density and particle size on indirect bioleaching of Pomalaa nickel laterite using metabolic citric acid

Effects of Cooling Rate and Acid on Extracting Soluble Phosphorus from Slag with High P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Content by Selective Leaching

Dissolution optimization and kinetics of nickel and cobalt from iron‐rich laterite ore, using sulfuric acid at atmospheric pressure

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