Comparison of early osseointegration of non-thermal atmospheric plasma-functionalized/ SLActive titanium implant surfaces in beagle dogs

Abstract

Background: Hydrophilic dental implants are gaining increasing interest for their ability to accelerate bone formation. However, commercially available hydrophilic implants, such as SLActive™, have some major limitations due to their time-dependent biological aging and lower cost-effectiveness. The non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) treatment is a reliable way to gain a hydrophilic surface and enhance osseointegration. However, a few studies have been carried out to compare the osseointegration of NTAP-functionalized titanium implants and commercially available hydrophilic implants.Purpose: In this study, we compare the osseointegration abilities of the NTAP-functionalized titanium implant and Straumann SLActive.Material and methods: The NTAP effectiveness was examined using in vitro cell experiments. Then, six beagle dogs were included in the in vivo experiment. Straumann SLActive implants, SLA implants, and SLA implants treated with NTAP were implanted in the mandibular premolar area of dogs. After 2 w, 4 w, and 8 w, the animals were sacrificed and specimens were collected. Radiographic and histological analyses were used to measure osseointegration.Results: NTAP treatment accelerated the initial attachment and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. In the in vivo experiment, bone parameters (e.g., BIC value and BV/TV) and volume of new bone of NTAP groups were close to those of the SLActive group. Additionally, although there was no statistical difference, the osseointegration of SLActive and NTAP groups was evidently superior to that of the SLA group.Conclusion: NTAP-functionalized implants enhanced cell interaction with material and subsequent bone formation. The osseointegration of the NTAP-functionalized implant was comparable to that of the SLActive implant at the early osseointegration stage.

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Improves the Colonization of Titanium with Primary Human Osteoblasts: An In Vitro Study

“…After 24 h, cells in the test group were more uniformly attached to the implant surface and cell density was much higher [23]. These results are confirmed by Long et al who found that after 24 h up to 30% more cells (MC3T3-E1 mouse pre-osteoblasts) adhered to the plasma-treated surface [24]. A significant increase in the number of osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 and MG-63) adhering to argon-plasma-treated titanium surfaces is also described for 10 min [14].…”

Novel Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Irradiation of Titanium Implants Promotes Osteogenic Effect in Osteoporotic Conditions

“…A previously developed NTAP device was further used in this study. The NTAP device utilizes the DBD principle to ionize argon to produce reactive substances, ionize oxygen to produce hydroxyl groups and remove carbon contamination from the implant surface. ,, Carbon contamination often gradually accumulates on the surface of titanium implants exposed to air, resulting in increased surface hydrophobicity, hence the necessity for its removal . However, hydroxyl is a hydrophilic group that can enhance the surface’s wettability and promote cell and protein adhesion .…”

“…Furthermore, the temperature of the NTAP-treated implant remained close to human body temperature, thus ensuring safety for bone tissue . In addition, previous studies showed that NTAP-treated implants promoted the biological behavior of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and MC3T3-E1. , Previous comparative experiments also revealed that the osteogenic effect of the NTAP-treated implant was similar to that of the Straumann SLActive implant . In summary, the NTAP device boasts highly efficient, convenient, and biologically safe advantages.…”

“…34,35 Previous comparative experiments also revealed that the osteogenic effect of the NTAP-treated implant was similar to that of the Straumann SLActive implant. 36 In summary, the NTAP device boasts highly efficient, convenient, and biologically safe advantages.…”

Bone-to-Implant Contact in Implants with Plasma-Treated Nanostructured Calcium-Incorporated Surface (XPEEDActive) Compared to Non-Plasma-Treated Implants (XPEED): A Human Histologic Study at 4 Weeks

“…In vivo animal histological studies have already shown very promising results regarding plasma treatment. Long et al, in a study on beagle dogs, stated that plasma-treated implants enhanced cell interaction with material and subsequent bone formation, and their results showed that functionalized SLA implant performance was comparable to that of SLActive ® implant at the early osseointegration stages, and evidently superior to that of the untreated SLA group [56]. As stated in a previous study by the authors, data concerning human implant biopsies are still scarce, and most of the available publications in that area are retrospective and are usually performed on damage or temporary orthodontic implants retrieved for reasons such as connection fracture [8].…”