Comparison of Early Lung Clearance of Yellowcake Aerosols in Rats With in Vitro Dissolution and IR Analysis

Eg, Damon; Af, Eidson; Ff, Hahn; Wc, Griffith; Ra, Guilmette

doi:10.1097/00004032-198404000-00011

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…It is a typical synthetic lung fluid that mimics the surfactant fluids released by type II alveolar cells. This liquid solution was first used for determining the in vitro toxicity of radioactive compounds in lungs and has been validated (Damon et al 1984). Moreover, its composition (Table 1) is very comparable to the real fluid in human alveolar lung in terms of major components, especially with the addition of DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), which is the main phospholipid (65 %) found in the alveolar fluid.…”

Section: Composition Of the Simulated Alveolar Lung Fluidmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment

Mbengue

Alleman

Flament

2015

Environ Geochem Health

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The lung bioaccessibility, i.e., the solubility in alveolar lung fluid of metals in particulate matter, has been recognized as an important parameter for health risk assessment, associated with the inhalation of airborne particles. The purpose of this study is to use an in vitro method to estimate the pulmonary bioaccessibility of toxic metals in different particle sizes, from a multi-influenced industrial emission area. The fine and ultrafine particles collected with cascade impactors in the chimneys and at different distances from a Fe-Mn smelter were extracted with a simulated alveolar fluid (Gamble solution). In addition, a four-step sequential extraction procedure was employed to approach the metal speciation. The bioaccessibility of metals ranged from almost insoluble for Fe (<1%) to extremely soluble for Rb (>80%). In terms of particle size, the trace element bioaccessibility is generally higher for the finer size fractions (submicron and ultrafine particles) than for the coarse one (>1 µm). These submicron particles have a very high number concentration and specific surface area, which confer them an important contact surface with the alveolar fluid, i.e., a higher bioaccessibility. Interestingly, the bioaccessibility of most metals clearly increases between the chimney stacks and the close environment of the studied Fe-Mn smelter, over a very short distance (800 m), possibly due to a mix with surrounding steelworks emissions. This increase is not observed over a greater distance from the smelter (2000 m), when industrial particles were mixed with urban aerosols, except for Fe, under more soluble forms in combustion particles.

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Section: Composition Of the Simulated Alveolar Lung Fluidmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment

Mbengue

Alleman

Flament

2015

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Subsequently, various studies have employed the method for determining the bioaccessibility of radioactive compounds (Damon et al 1984). Davies and Feddah (2003) showed that simulated lung fluid considered in their study is identical to fluid sampled from human lungs in terms of major components.…”

Section: Simulated Lung Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the respiratory bioaccessibility of nickel in soil through the use of a simulated lung fluid

Drysdale

Björklund

Jamieson

et al. 2011

Environ Geochem Health

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Simulated lung fluids are solutions designed to mimic the composition of human interstitial lung fluid as closely as possible. Analysis of mineral dusts using such solutions has been used to evaluate the respiratory bioaccessibility of various elements for which solubility in the lungs is a primary determinant of reactivity. The objective of this study was to employ simulated lung fluid analysis to investigate the respiratory bioaccessibility of nickel in soils. Current occupational guidelines in Australia regulate nickel compounds in terms of water solubility, though this may not be an accurate estimation of the total nickel that will dissociate in the lungs. Surface soils were collected from the city of Kalgoorlie in Western Australia, the site of an operational nickel smelter and metal mining activities. The fraction of the samples less than 10 μm was extracted from the soil, and it was this sub-10-μm fraction that was found to hold most of the total nickel present in the soil. The fine fraction was analyzed using a simulated lung fluid (modified Gamble's solution) to isolate the nickel phases soluble in the lungs. In addition, a sequential extraction was employed to compare the bioaccessible fraction to those dissolved from different binding forms in the soil. In all samples, the simulated lung fluid extracted more nickel than the two weakest leaches of the sequential extraction combined, providing a more representative nickel bioaccessibility value than the current water leach method.

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“…Twenty beagle dogs from the Institute's colony ( 10 male and 10 female, 2 to 6 y of age) were exposed by pernasal inhalation (Boecker et al 1964). Aerosols were generated from dry powders, using a DeVilbiss Model 175 * powder blower affixed to a mechanical shaker (Damon et al 1984). The aerosols were sampled using cascade impactors to measure particle size distribution (Mercer et al 1970) and 0.45-pm pore size membrane filters to measure airborne U concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual measurements, or even a series of measurements, might be uncertain by a factor of 10. However, if the inhaled material is unknown and a simulation model is not applied, the results would be uncertain by a factor of 1000 (Eidson 1984).…”

Section: Scaling To Manmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Scaling the Results of U Excretion Rate Studies in Beagle Dogs to Man

Af¹,

Wc²,

Ff³

et al. 1989

Health Physics

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A biokinetic model was used to simulate retention and excretion of two forms of U: ammonium diuranate (ADU), a relatively soluble form, and U3O8, a relatively insoluble form. These two U forms represent those most likely to be encountered in the U milling industry. The simulation model was compared with results from a study of aerosols of commercial refined U ore inhaled by laboratory animals. Beagle dogs were exposed by inhalation to ADU aerosols to achieve a median initial body burden of 0.058 mg U kg-1 body weight (within a range of 0.016 to 0.64 mg U kg-1), or to U3O8 aerosols to achieve a median retained body burden of 0.28 mg U kg-1 (0.030-0.81 mg U kg-1). The simulation model accurately described the accumulation of nephrotoxic concentrations of U in kidneys of animals exposed to ADU. Very small fractions of the initial body burden of U3O8 were translocated to kidney, and these fractions were overestimated by the model. The model showed general agreement with results of other laboratory animal studies and with available information from human exposures to ADU, UF6, or U3O8.

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Comparison of Early Lung Clearance of Yellowcake Aerosols in Rats With in Vitro Dissolution and IR Analysis

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment

Bioaccessibility of trace elements in fine and ultrafine atmospheric particles in an industrial environment

Evaluating the respiratory bioaccessibility of nickel in soil through the use of a simulated lung fluid

A Model for Scaling the Results of U Excretion Rate Studies in Beagle Dogs to Man

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