Comparison of Direct Microcopy and Antigen Casette Tests for the Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium

Doni, Nebiye Yentür; Zeyrek, Fadile Yıldız; Gürses, Gülcan; Tümer, Seray

doi:10.5152/tpd.2013.38

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…The 9.8% overall infection rate of Cryptosporidium spp. is in concordance with observations in previous studies of cryptosporidiosis in welfare institutes in Thailand ( Janoff et al, 1990 ; Jongwutiwes et al, 1990 ), but significantly higher than results obtained from other studies in Egypt and Turkey ( Makhlouf et al, 1994 ; Borekci and Uzel, 2009 ; Doni et al, 2013 ). The infection rate was similar at the first (11.6%), second (9.0%), and third (7.2%) samplings, suggesting that there was a persistent occurrence of C. hominis in this welfare institute.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The infection rate was similar at the first (11.6%), second (9.0%), and third (7.2%) samplings, suggesting that there was a persistent occurrence of C. hominis in this welfare institute. The 40.7% overall infection rate of G. duodenalis was significantly higher than infection rates in previous studies in welfare institutes in Thailand, Egypt, Turkey and Peru ( Janoff et al, 1990 ; Makhlouf et al, 1994 ; Borekci and Uzel, 2009 ; Turhan et al, 2009 ; Bailey et al, 2013 ; Doni et al, 2013 ). There was a gradual reduction in G. duodenalis infection rates during the study period (48.3, 35.9, and 29.7% at the first, second and third sampling, respectively).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Persistent Occurrence of Cryptosporidium hominis and Giardia duodenalis Subtypes in a Welfare Institute

Wang

Guo

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Few data are available on the transmission dynamics of intestinal protozoa in children in welfare institutes. In this study, fecal specimens were collected from 396 children in a welfare institute in Shanghai, China during December 2011 (207 specimens), June 2012 (78 specimens), and September 2013 (111 specimens), and examined for Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR analysis of the small subunit rRNA, triosephosphate isomerase, and internal transcribed spacer genes, respectively. The Cryptosporidium hominis and G. duodenalis assemblage A identified were further subtyped by multilocus sequence typing. Altogether, Cryptosporidium was detected in 39 (9.8%) children, with infection rates of 11.6% (24/207), 9.0% (7/78), and 7.2% (8/111) in December 2011, June 2012, and September 2013, respectively. Infection rates were higher in children of 0–12 months (20.4% compared to 0–7.3% in other age groups, P = 0.0001) and those with diarrhea (17.9% compared to 7.7% in those with no diarrhea, P = 0.006). In contrast, G. duodenalis was detected in 161/396 (40.7%), with infection rates of 48.3% (100/207), 35.9% (28/78), and 29.7% (33/111) in December 2011, June 2012, and September 2013, respectively. There were no significant gender- or diarrhea-associated differences, but the G. duodenalis infection rate in children of 13–24 months (50%) was significantly higher than in the age groups of 0–12 months and > 48 months (29.8–36.5%, P = 0.021). Co-infection of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis was seen in 19 (4.8%) children, but no E. bieneusi infection was detected in this study. All Cryptosporidium-positive specimens belonged to the subtype IaA14R4 of C. hominis, while all G. duodenalis-positive specimens belonged to sub-assemblage AII. Both were the same subtypes in a previous outbreak of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in a hospital ward hosting children from the welfare institute. Results of the study indicate that there was a persistent occurrence of limited C. hominis and G. duodenalis subtypes in the small enclosed community, with differences in age distribution and association with diarrhea occurrence between cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Persistent Occurrence of Cryptosporidium hominis and Giardia duodenalis Subtypes in a Welfare Institute

Wang

Guo

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…(2015) (4.1; 4.1%) in Belgium and Doni et al . (2013) (19.6; 19.6%) in Turkey reported equal prevalence on microscopic and copro-antigen methods and Irisarri-Gutiérrez et al . (2017) in Mozambique (6.1; 7.1%) and El-Badry et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, in Uganda, South Africa, Ethiopia and Turkey, the prevalence of Giardia spp. was lower (15.9; 32.5; 13.7;18.2%) for males and (22.7; 67.5; 19.8; 20.8%) for females (Ali et al ., 1999; Jarmey-Swan et al ., 2001; Doni et al ., 2013; Al-Shehri et al ., 2016). Environmental risk factors such as work and sports activities may potentially be contributing on the higher male prevalence of Giardia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A ‘One Health’ perspective of Africa-wide distribution and prevalence of Giardia species in humans, animals and waterbodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Giardiasis, caused by Giardia duodenalis, is a leading cause of diarrhoea in resource-poor countries. To gain a better insight into the epidemiology of Giardia in Africa, we undertook a robust study to comprehend the distribution and prevalence of Giardia infection in humans, animals and their dispersal in the environment. Our protocol was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42022317653). Deep literature search from 5 electronic databases, namely, AJOL, Google scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Springer Link was performed using relevant keywords. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model and heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the I2-statistic. More than 500 eligible studies published from 1 January 1980 until 22 March 2022 were retrieved. In humans, exactly 48 124 Giardia spp. infection cases were registered from the 494 014 stool samples examined resulting in a pooled prevalence estimate (PPE) of 8.8% using microscopy. Whereas copro-antigen tests and molecular diagnostic methods generated PPE of 14.3 and 19.5%, respectively, with HIV+ subjects and those with diarrhoeatic stool having infection rates of 5.0 and 12.3%, respectively. The PPE of Giardia spp. infection in animals using molecular methods was 15.6%, which was most prevalent in pigs (25.2%) with Nigeria registering the highest prevalence at 20.1%. The PPE of Giardia spp. contamination from waterbodies was 11.9% from a total of 7950 samples which were detected using microscopy, with Tunisia documenting the highest infection rate of 37.3%. This meta-analysis highlights the necessity of ‘One Health’ approach for consolidated epidemiological studies and control of giardiasis in the African continent.

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Giardiasis: an update review on sensitivity and specificity of methods for laboratorial diagnosis

Soares

Tasca

2016

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Comparison of Direct Microcopy and Antigen Casette Tests for the Detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Persistent Occurrence of Cryptosporidium hominis and Giardia duodenalis Subtypes in a Welfare Institute

Persistent Occurrence of Cryptosporidium hominis and Giardia duodenalis Subtypes in a Welfare Institute

A ‘One Health’ perspective of Africa-wide distribution and prevalence of Giardia species in humans, animals and waterbodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Giardiasis: an update review on sensitivity and specificity of methods for laboratorial diagnosis

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