Comparison of Direct Interview and Family History Diagnoses of Alcohol Dependence

Rice, John P.; Reich, Theodore; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Neuman, Rosalind J.; Fishman, Roberta; Rochberg, Nanette; Hesselbrock, Victor; Nürnberger, John I.; Schuckit, Marc A.; Begleiter, Henri

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00983.x

Cited by 485 publications

(402 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The latter were gathered through a format similar to that of the Family History Module (FHAM) of the SSAGA (Rice et al, 1995). Demographic information for the offspring was extracted from the offspring and parent interviews, with alcohol and drug-related items representing the highest level of involvement indicated by either parent or offspring.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Externalizing disorders in the offspring from the San Diego prospective study of alcoholism

Schuckit

Smith

Pierson

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Externalizing disorders in the offspring from the San Diego prospective study of alcoholism

Schuckit

Smith

Pierson

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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“…The Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) (Bucholz et al, 1994) was administered by a master's degree-level interviewer to identify DSM-IV axis I psychiatric diagnoses, including past or current diagnoses of alcohol and drug abuse or dependence. Subjects determined to be free of such diagnoses were administered the Family History Assessment Module (FHAM) (Rice et al, 1995). This module determines the number of first-, second-, and third-degree paternal and maternal relatives who have demonstrated symptoms of selected psychiatric disorders and alcohol or drug abuse or dependence.…”

Section: Methods Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Uhart

Oswald

McCaul

et al. 2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The present study was designed to determine whether stress hormones and subjective responses to a psychological stressor were different in nonalcoholic offspring from families with a history of alcohol dependence (family history positive, FHP) than in nonalcoholic offspring without a family history of alcohol dependence (family history negative, FHN). Forty-five healthy subjects (17 FHP, 28 FHN), between the ages of 18 and 29 years, completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). The TSST consisted of 5 min of public speaking followed by 5 min of mental arithmetic. Three baseline and five post-TSST blood samples were drawn. Pre-and post-TSST self-report measures of anxiety were obtained. Cortisol, adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), and prolactin significantly increased in response to the TSST in the entire study sample (F (1,187) ¼ 70.22, po0.001, F (1,143) ¼ 33, po0.001, and F (1,134) ¼ 14.37, po0.001, respectively). Cortisol responses were influenced by an interaction between racial composition and family history of alcoholism (F (1,57) ¼ 4.50, p ¼ 0.038). Among Caucasian subjects, FHP subjects had greater cortisol response to the TSST compared to FHN subjects (F (1,57) ¼ 4.45, p ¼ 0.039). No family history effect was identified in African-American subjects. Adrenocorticotropin responses did not differ between FHP and FHN subjects. Adrenocorticotropin response was positively associated with baseline ACTH levels in FHN subjects (t ¼ 5.02, p ¼ o0.001), but not in FHP subjects. Prolactin responses did not differ between FHP and FHN subjects. Anxiety response scores (post-TSST scores minus pre-TSST scores) were higher in FHP subjects compared with FHN subjects (z ¼ À2.67, p ¼ 0.007). In addition, anxiety response scores were positively associated with cortisol response levels to the TSST in FHN subjects (t ¼ 4.52, po0.001). In contrast, anxiety responses were negatively associated with cortisol responses in FHP subjects (t ¼ À2.30, p ¼ 0.024). Our findings are consistent with theories that greater reactivity to stress is associated with greater risks for alcoholism. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the association between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormonal response and the subjective perception of stress might be deranged in offspring of alcoholics.

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“…Teens in the marijuana group who met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol use disorder (two cases of abuse and two cases of dependence) were included due to high comorbidity with marijuana use disorder (Agosti et al, 2002). Additional exclusionary criteria included prenatal substance exposure, psychotropic medication use, neurological dysfunction, head injury, family history of bipolar I or psychotic disorder as ascertained by the Family History Assessment Module screener (Rice et al, 1995), left-handedness, learning disorder, MRI contraindications, or substance use in the 28 days before scanning.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

Schweinsburg¹,

Nagel²,

Schweinsburg³

et al. 2008

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

171

168

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Marijuana is the most widely used illicit substance among teenagers, yet little is known about the possible neural influence of heavy marijuana use during adolescence. We previously demonstrated an altered functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity related to spatial working memory (SWM) among adolescents who were heavy users of after an average of 8 days of abstinence, but the persisting neural effects remain unclear. To characterize the potentially persisting neurocognitive effects of heavy marijuana use in adolescence, we examined fMRI response during SWM among abstinent marijuana-using teens. Participants were 15 MJ teens and 17 demographically similar nonusing controls, ages 16-18. Teens underwent biweekly urine toxicology screens to ensure abstinence for 28 days before fMRI acquisition. Groups performed similarly on the SWM task, but MJ teens demonstrated lower activity in right dorsolateral prefrontal and occipital cortices, yet significantly more activation in right posterior parietal cortex. MJ teens showed abnormalities in brain response during a SWM task compared with controls, even after 1 month of abstinence. The activation pattern among MJ teens may reflect different patterns of utilization of spatial rehearsal and attention strategies, and could indicate altered neurodevelopment or persisting abnormalities associated with heavy marijuana use in adolescence.

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Comparison of Direct Interview and Family History Diagnoses of Alcohol Dependence

Cited by 485 publications

References 15 publications

Externalizing disorders in the offspring from the San Diego prospective study of alcoholism

Externalizing disorders in the offspring from the San Diego prospective study of alcoholism

Hormonal Responses to Psychological Stress and Family History of Alcoholism

Abstinent adolescent marijuana users show altered fMRI response during spatial working memory

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