Comparison of digit ratio (2D:4D) between Brazilian men with and without prostate cancer

Mendes, Patrícia Helena Costa; Martelli, Daniella Reis Barbosa; Costa, Stéfano; Gonçalves, Everton Filipe; Macedo, Clayton Paraíso; Silveira, Marise Fagundes; Júnior, Hercílio Martelli

doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.62

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In our study, the 2D:4D ratio was found to be significantly lower in men with PCA than in men without PCA. This finding was consistent with other studies (3,10,11,19). In our study, we evaluated the finger ratios of both hands together, and the finger ratio of both hands was statistically low in the patients with PCa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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The Relationship Between the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio

Toprak¹,

Verit²

2020

uob

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Objective:The second to fourth digit ratio is inversely related to prenatal androgen exposure, which may be a risk factor for several androgendependent diseases. One of these diseases is prostate cancer (PCa). Genes that play a role in the development of the fingers also play a role in the etiology of PCa. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether there is a relationship between digit ratio and PCa. Materials and Methods: The files of 45 patients diagnosed with PCa between 2016-2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were called and invited to the hospital for digit measurement. Age-matched, 45 patients who were admitted to the outpatient clinic due to renal stones or renal cysts were included as a control group. Finger lengths were measured by the distance from the proximal crease to the tip, two times by a single observer, using a digital caliper, and the averages were recorded. Second to fourth digit ratios were calculated separately for right and left hand, and the groups were compared for variables. Results: The mean age of patients with PCa was 62.9±7.2 years, and the mean age of control group was 64.3±7.3 years. The mean PSA level was 8.27±3.3 ng/mL and 1.39±0.63 ng/dL in study and control group, respectively. The mean digit ratios for right and left hand were 0.96±0.03, 0,99±0.03 (p<0.001) and 0.95±0.03, 0.98±0.03 (p=0.003) for study and control groups, respectively. Conclusion: Men with PCa have a lower second to fourth digit ratio than healthy individuals. Therefore, the second to fourth digit ratio, which is indicative of prenatal androgen exposure, can be used as a marker of PCa risk. AbstractCite this article as: Toprak T, Verit A. The Relationship Between the

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…One of these is the 2 nd to 4 th digit ratio (2D:4D). Low 2D:4D ratio indicates high prenatal androgenic exposure (3). Intrauterine hormones have a direct effect on the differentiation of fingers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio

Toprak¹,

Verit²

2020

uob

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“…Second and fourth finger ratio (2D:4D) is a marker of prenatal androgenic exposure. Low 2D:4D finger ratio indicates high prenatal androgenic exposure (Mendes et al, ). Studies have shown that there is a significant difference between male and female finger ratios (Manning et al, ; Peters, Tan, Kang, Teixeira, & Mandal, ), and individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia have a shorter finger ratio than healthy controls (Brown, Hines, Fane, & Breedlove, ; Ökten, Kalyoncu, & Yariş, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can second to fourth finger ratio play a role in determining the risk of benign prostatic enlargement

et al. 2020

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Benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) is a disease that testosterone plays a role in its aetiology. Second to fourth finger ratio is a marker of prenatal androgenic exposure and may be a risk factor for several androgen‐related diseases such as BPE. In this study, we investigated the relationship between the second to fourth finger ratio and BPE. A total of 63 patients with BPE were included for study group, and age‐matched 63 healthy patients were included as a control group. Finger was measured by the distance from the proximal crease to the tip by using a digital caliper. The mean age of patients with BPE and non‐BPE was 62 ± 8.9 and 61.5 ± 7.1 years respectively. There was statistically significant difference between groups in terms of prostate‐specific antigen levels, prostate volumes and international prostate symptom scores. The mean finger ratios for right and left hand were 0.97 ± 0.03, 0.99 ± 0.03(p = .001) and 0.93 ± 0.15, 0.98 ± 0.03(p < .001) for BPE and non‐BPE groups respectively. Men with a lower second to fourth finger ratio have higher risk of developing BPE than men without BPE. Therefore, the second to fourth finger ratio, which is indicative of prenatal androgen exposure, can be used as a marker of BPE risk.

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“…In children with autism spectrum disorder, which is associated with a prenatal exposure to high concentrations of testosterone, a lower 2D:4D has been observed (10). An association between 2D:4D and gastric cancer (11), knee and hip osteoarthritis (12), and prostate cancer (13) has also been reported. Additionally, a higher 2D:4D (low prenatal testosterone concentration) has been linked to multiple sclerosis (14) coronary heart disease (15,16), and breast cancer (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the 2nd and 4th digit ratio reflect prenatal androgen exposure?

Suchonova¹,

Borbelyova²,

Renczés³

et al. 2019

BLL

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The aim of our study was to describe the effect of prenatal testosterone exposure on 2D:4D in both sexes, and to determine whether this effect is mediated via the androgen receptor. In addition, the sex differences in lengths of 2D, 4D, and 2D:4D ratio were analyzed. BACKGROUND: Clinical studies suggest a negative correlation between prenatal testosterone exposure and ratio of the lengths of the second and fourth digits (2D:4D). However, less is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Pregnant rats were treated with olive oil, testosterone, fl utamide or testosterone with fl utamide daily from the fourteenth day of pregnancy until delivery. The fi nger lengths of adult offspring were measured using both, digital scanning of the paws and μCT analysis of the phalanges. RESULTS: None of the aforementioned methods revealed any effect of testosterone on 2D:4D. μCT measurements showed that prenatal hyperandrogenism in both sexes leads to shorter 2D compared to controls. Moreover, the testosterone treatment in males resulted in the shortening of 4D when compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Prenata l hyperandrogenism leads to shorter lengths of 2D and 4D; however, it does not affect 2D:4D ratio. Whether other steroid hormones and/or testosterone metabolites affect the 2D:4D ratio requires further investigation (Tab.

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Comparison of digit ratio (2D:4D) between Brazilian men with and without prostate cancer

Abstract: 2D:4D seems to be a marker for screening patients for prostate cancer in an admixed population, as males with prostate cancer present lower 2D:4D than healthy subjects. On the other hand, 2D:4D does not appear to be associated with the severity of prostate cancer.

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

The Relationship Between the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio

The Relationship Between the Risk of Prostate Cancer and Second to Fourth Digit Ratio

Can second to fourth finger ratio play a role in determining the risk of benign prostatic enlargement

Does the 2nd and 4th digit ratio reflect prenatal androgen exposure?

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