Comparison of different winemaking processes for improvement of phenolic composition, macro- and microelemental content, and taste sensory attributes of Teran (Vitis vinifera L.) red wines

Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Red and White Wines Produced from Autochthonous Croatian Varieties: Effect of Moderate Consumption on Human Health

“…Significantly, the highest concentrations of total microelements, regarding white wines, were detected in young Pošip and young Malvazija istarska wines, while regarding red wines, these concentrations were significantly highest in young Teran wines. It is important to note that the concentration of total microelements in red wines was almost four times higher when compared with white wines, which is in correspondence with the results of Rossi et al [ 40 ], who concluded that longer maceration time significantly increased the concentration of total microelements in red Teran wines.…”

“…The total acidity values varied between 5.0 to 7.0 g/L in white wines, being significantly highest in aged Pošip wines and lowest in young Malvazija istarska wines, and from 5.3 to 6.5 g/L in red wines, with the highest values observed in aged Teran wines and the lowest in young Plavac mali wines. Such acidity values for Pošip wines were reported in an earlier study [ 47 ], while high total acidity levels in Teran wines were previously reported by [ 40 ]. Volatile acidity concentration varied from 0.39 ± 0.01 to 0.59 ± 0.01 mg/L in white wines and 0.37 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.01 mg/L in red wines, which is in accordance with the values provided by the Croatian Regulation on Wine Production [ 22 ].…”

“…Water/formic acid (99:1, v / v ) (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) were used. The gradient conditions are described in our previous study [ 40 ]. Chromatograms were recorded at 280 nm (for hydroxybenzoic acids and taxifolin), 330 nm (for hydroxycinnamic acids), and 360 nm (for flavonols and flavonol glycosides).…”

“…Separation of flavan-3-ols was carried out according to the method proposed by Ćurko et al [ 41 ] for grape skins, on a reversed-phase Zorbax SB-C18 column (250 × 4 mm i.d., particle size 5 μm, Agilent Technologies). Water/formic acid (99:1, v / v ) (solvent A) and acetonitrile/formic acid (99:1, v / v ) (solvent B) were used at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, under gradient conditions described by Rossi et al [ 40 ]. Detection was performed using a fluorescence detector (FLD) set at 280 nm excitation and 320 nm emission with medium fluorescence intensity.…”

“…The determination of macro- and microelements was conducted using an Optima DV 2000 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Shelton, CT, USA) equipped with a Meinhard spray chamber, nebulizer, and peristaltic sample delivery system. The samples were introduced into the plasma under operating conditions [ 44 ] and following the procedure previously described by Rossi et al [ 40 ]. Both calibration solutions and wine samples with ethanol removed [ 45 ] were analyzed, based on the proposed method, in 2% HNO 3 .…”