Comparison of Different Remote Sensing Methods for 3D Modeling of Small Rock Outcrops

Mikita, Tomáš; Balková, Marie; Bajer, Aleš; Cibulka, Miloš; Patočka, Zdeněk

doi:10.3390/s20061663

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…After the establishment of the 3D HRPC model described previously, the model was analyzed to identify the main characteristics of the rock mass structure, such as the detection and mapping of the discontinuities and discontinuity sets, orientation and dip of discontinuities, spacing of discontinuities, persistence of discontinuities, and roughness of discontinues, as well as determination of rock block volumes. Due to the increasing use of UAV photogrammetry and the SfM technique to create 3D HRPC models, various automatic and semi-automatic techniques and methods have been developed to detect and map the discontinuities and discontinuity sets [20,[22][23][24][25][26]28,31,, orientation and dip direction of discontinuities [18,20,22,23,26,28,29,31,[37][38][39][40][42][43][44][45]48,49,[54][55][56][57][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72]…”

Section: In Situ and Remote Sensing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Study of Raspadalica Cliff Rockfall, Croatia

2022

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The Raspadalica Cliff is an almost vertical 100 m high limestone cliff with a railway line at its foot and is known for numerous rockfall occurrences in the past. This article presents the results of the geotechnical study of the cliff based on a traditional geological and geotechnical field survey and remote sensing analysis. Both the traditional geological and geotechnical field survey and remote sensing surveys and analyses enabled the establishment of the structural model of the Raspadalica Cliff and the determination of the discontinuity sets and discontinuity features, such as orientation, spacing, persistence, roughness, discontinuity wall strength, aperture, degree of weathering of discontinuity wall, seepage conditions, and the presence and hardness of discontinuity filling. Kinematic analyses were performed on five cliff zones with slightly different structural features, indicating a relatively low probability of typical failures in the cliff rock mass that precede the rockfall occurrences. Although rockfall phenomena from the cliff face are relatively frequent, the kinematic analyses did not indicate a high probability of their occurrence. The aim of this manuscript is to make scientists and practitioners aware that investigation of rock mass cliffs and possible rockfall failures must not be based on usual methods without critical review of the obtained results and consequences. The combined use of traditional geological and geotechnical methods and more commonly used advanced remote sensing methods leads to better modelling, while the analysis of more associated failure modes can explain the triggering of rockfall.

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Section: In Situ and Remote Sensing Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical Study of Raspadalica Cliff Rockfall, Croatia

2022

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“…The sensors were originally used to improve the quality of photos (e.g., improved camera focus, bokeh effect, etc.) and to enable augmented reality applications, but they proved to be suitable for scientific purposes [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges

Costantino

Vozza

Pepe

et al. 2022

ASI

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The aim of the research was to evaluate the performance of smartphone depth sensors (Time of Flight Camera(ToF) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)) from Android (Huawei P30 Pro) and iOS (iPhone 12 Pro and iPAD 2021 Pro) devices in order to build a 3D point cloud. In particular, the smartphones were tested in several case studies involving the scanning of several objects: 10 building material samples, a statue, an interior room environment and the remains of a Doric column in a major archaeological site. The quality of the point clouds was evaluated through visual analysis and using three eigenfeatures: surface variation, planarity and omnivariance. Based on this approach, some issues with the point clouds generated by smartphones were highlighted, such as surface splitting, loss of planarity and inertial navigation system drift problems. In addition, it can finally be deduced that, in the absence of scanning problems, the accuracies achievable from this type of scanning are ~1–3 cm. Therefore, this research intends to describe a method of quantifying anomalies occurring in smartphone scans and, more generally, to verify the quality of the point cloud obtained with these devices.

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“…The data could be collected using portable cameras or cameras attached to an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) [27]. With recent advancements in photogrammetry algorithms and computer vision automated methods, the processing pipeline has developed into a robust and valuable solution for 3D reconstruction [28]. The main challenge with the available automated software is the significant constraints on the quality of required images and camera network [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

As-Textured As-Built BIM Using Sensor Fusion, Zee Ain Historical Village as a Case Study

2021

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The work described in the paper emphasizes the importance of integrating imagery and laser scanner techniques (TLS) to optimize the geometry and visual quality of Heritage BIM. The fusion-based workflow was approached during the recording of Zee Ain Historical Village in Saudi Arabia. The village is a unique example of traditional human settlements, and represents a complex natural and cultural heritage site. The proposed workflow divides data integration into two levels. At the basic level, UAV photogrammetry with enhanced mobility and visibility is used to map the ragged terrain and supplement TLS point data in upper and unaccusable building zones where shadow data originated. The merging of point clouds ensures that the building’s overall geometry is correctly rebuilt and that data interpretation is improved during HBIM digitization. In addition to the correct geometry, texture mapping is particularly important in the area of cultural heritage. Constructing a realistic texture remains a challenge in HBIM; because the standard texture and materials provided in BIM libraries do not allow for reliable representation of heritage structures, mapping and sharing information are not always truthful. Thereby, at the second level, the workflow proposed true orthophoto texturing method for HBIM models by combining close-range imagery and laser data. True orthophotos have uniform scale that depicts all objects in their respective planimetric positions, providing reliable and realistic mapping. The process begins with the development of a Digital Surface Model (DSM) by sampling TLS 3D points in a regular grid, with each cell uniquely associated with a model point. Then each DSM cell is projected in the corresponding perspective imagery in order to map the relevant spectral information. The methods allow for flexible data fusion and image capture using either a TLS-installed camera or a separate camera at the optimal time and viewpoint for radiometric data. The developed workflows demonstrated adequate results in terms of complete and realistic textured HBIM, allowing for a better understanding of the complex heritage structures.

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Comparison of Different Remote Sensing Methods for 3D Modeling of Small Rock Outcrops

Cited by 15 publications

References 45 publications

Geotechnical Study of Raspadalica Cliff Rockfall, Croatia

Geotechnical Study of Raspadalica Cliff Rockfall, Croatia

Smartphone LiDAR Technologies for Surveying and Reality Modelling in Urban Scenarios: Evaluation Methods, Performance and Challenges

As-Textured As-Built BIM Using Sensor Fusion, Zee Ain Historical Village as a Case Study

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