Comparison of different models to calculate the viscosity of biogas and biomethane in order to accurately measure flow rates for conformity assessment

Arrhenius, Karine; Büker, Oliver

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81052-7

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The dynamic viscosity of the gas phase is calculated by the following equation μ g = ∑ y i μ i M i 1 / 2 ∑ y i M i 1 / 2 where y i and μ i are the molar fractions and dynamic viscosity of gas i (H 2 and CO).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction

Yang,

Sun,

Bao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Extensive consumption of fossil fuels has brought environmental issues and an energy crisis. Electrochemical CO2 reduction by carbon neutral energy sources (such as solar and wind power) is a promising avenue to address the above challenges. However, CO2 reduction generally involves multiphysical/chemical processes, including chemical/electrochemical reactions, ion transport, bubble behaviors, and two-phase flow. The complex interactions among these processes make it rather difficult to analyze the effect of an individual process on the electrode performance based on the experimental method. In this work, a two-phase flow and mass transport model is developed for a bicarbonate electrolyzer cathode to analyze the interplays among various processes. The results reveal that the formation of a two-phase flow can effectively prompt the transport of chemical species and lower the overpotential, thereby improving the performance of CO2 reduction. The simulation suggests that an electrode porosity of ∼0.75 is preferred to obtain the maximum performance of CO2 reduction. In addition, the performance of CO2 reduction can be remarkably improved at a higher concentration due to the increased reaction kinetics and alleviated concentration overpotential. Attributing to the buffer effect of bicarbonate, the flow rate of the electrolyte exhibits less influence on the electrode performance of CO2 reduction. In all, the developed model can contribute to the understanding of physical/chemical processes in CO2 reduction and provide a guideline for the design of electrodes in a bicarbonate electrolyzer.

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Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density of gas can be evaluated as follows: ρ g = prefix∑ y i ρ i where ρ i is the density of gas i (H 2 and CO).…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction

Yang,

Sun,

Bao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Sampling on sorbent tubes usually requires collecting a known volume of gas at an appropriate flow rate on the sorbent tube, preferably with a flowmeter. Many flowmeters are calibrated for a fixed composition, and changes in composition can drastically affect the flow measurement [29].…”

Section: Biomethanementioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling methods for renewable gases and related gases: challenges and current limitations

2022

Self Cite

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Renewable gases, hydrogen and biomethane can be used for the same applications as natural gas: to heat homes, power vehicles and generate electricity. They have the potential to contribute to the decarbonisation of the gas grid. Hydrogen blending with existing natural gas pipelines is also proposed as a means to increase the performance of renewable energy systems. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon capture and utilisation (CCU) technologies can be an answer to the global challenge of significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Due to production methods, these gases typically contain species in trace amounts that can negatively impact the equipment they come into contact with or pipelines when injected into the gas grid. It is therefore necessary to ensure proper (and stable) gas quality that meets the requirements set out in the relevant standards. The gas quality standards require the collection and transport of a representative gas sample from the point of use to the analytical laboratory; i.e., no compounds may be added to or removed from the gas during sampling and transport. To obtain a representative sample, many challenges must be overcome. The biggest challenge is material compatibility and managing adsorption risks in the sampling systems (sampling line and sampling vessels). However, other challenges arise from the need for flow measurement with non-pure gases or from the nature of the matrix. Currently, there are no conclusive results of short-term stability measurements carried out under gas purity conditions (suitable pressure, matrix, appropriate concentrations, simultaneous presence of several species).

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“…Adequate understanding of the viscosity of hydrogen and methane blends is vital for predictions of the mixture properties in chemical processes, geological formations, and pipeline activities such as pumps and compressors [6][7][8][9] . Technically, transport models provide quick computation of parameters that aid understanding of behaviours of hydrogen blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of hydrogen and methane blends: experimental and modelling investigations

Owuna,

Chapoy,

Ahmadi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Understanding of thermophysical and transport properties of H2-NG blends are needed for the gradual introduction of hydrogen into the national gas grid. A capillary tube viscometer was used to measure the viscosity of hydrogen + methane blends (with hydrogen mole fraction = 0, 0.1000, 0.1997, 0.5019, and 1) at temperatures from 213 to 324 K and pressures up to 31 MPa. A total 147 experimental viscosity measurements were made for the three H2 + CH4 blends and compared against the predictions of five different viscosity models: a one-reference corresponding states (Pedersen) model, a two-reference corresponding states (CS2) model, an extended corresponding states (ECS) model, a corresponding states model derived from molecular dynamic simulations of Lennard Jones (LJ) fluids, and a residual entropy scaling (SRES) method. All the model predictions showed a relatively low deviation compared to the measured viscosities. The density required for viscosity model predictions were computed using Multi-Fluid Helmholtz Energy Approximation (MFHEA) equations of state (EoS). To check the experimental procedure and applicability of the viscometer equipment, viscosity validation measurements were carried out for propane, hydrogen, and methane. The measured viscosities of the pure components were in good agreement with the respective viscosity models with AARD of 0.24%, 0.25%, and 0.58% for propane, hydrogen, and methane, respectively.

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Comparison of different models to calculate the viscosity of biogas and biomethane in order to accurately measure flow rates for conformity assessment

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction

Sampling methods for renewable gases and related gases: challenges and current limitations

Viscosity of hydrogen and methane blends: experimental and modelling investigations

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Comparison of different models to calculate the viscosity of biogas and biomethane in order to accurately measure flow rates for conformity assessment

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO2 Reduction Reaction

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO2 Reduction Reaction

Sampling methods for renewable gases and related gases: challenges and current limitations

Viscosity of hydrogen and methane blends: experimental and modelling investigations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction

Two-Phase Flow Model to Define the Mass Transport in a Bicarbonate Electrolyzer for a CO₂ Reduction Reaction