Comparison of Diets Between Two Sympatric Flying Squirrel Species in Northern Pakistan

Shafique, Chaudhry M.; Barkati, Sohail; Oshida, Tatsuo; Ando, Masahiro

doi:10.1644/05-mamm-a-225r2.1

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…To avoid competition between sympatric squirrel species, both spatial and trophic partitioning are indispensable (Gautier-Hion et al 1980;Brown and Batzli 1985;Saiful et al 2001;Shafique et al 2006). In general, the two species studied here are highly sympatric throughout Southeast Asia (Can et al 2008;Francis 2008;Smith and Xie 2008) and often caught together in same capture sites (Can et al 2008;).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Jaw Muscle Morphology in Two Sympatic Callosciurine Squirrels (Callosciurus ErythraeusandDremomys Rufigenis) in Vietnam

et al. 2012

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparison of Jaw Muscle Morphology in Two Sympatic Callosciurine Squirrels (Callosciurus ErythraeusandDremomys Rufigenis) in Vietnam

et al. 2012

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“…Small‐bodied mammals were notably less active than larger species and were predominantly nocturnal (Table 3, Table S1), potentially supporting hypotheses that small mammals maintain lower activity levels to conserve energy (Hazlerigg & Tyler, 2019), and are more active at night when thermoregulatory pressures are eased (Crompton et al, 1978). Large mammals, on the contrary, may spend more time foraging to meet increased energetic demands (Cid et al, 2020), particularly carnivores, whose prey is often patchily distributed (Azlan & Sharma, 2006), and herbivores, who may consume more in order to compensate for the lower nutritional quality of their diet (Shafique et al, 2006). Indeed, most cathemeral species in our study were large‐bodied carnivores or herbivores (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratified activity: Vertical partitioning of the diel cycle by rainforest mammals in Borneo

Haysom,

Deere,

Mahyudin

et al. 2023

Biotropica

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Animal activity is driven by the environmental conditions and physical structure of a habitat, and the need to interact with, or avoid, other animals. Knowledge of the proportion of the 24‐hour cycle spent active (activity level), and the time/s of day in which activity is concentrated (activity pattern), informs our understanding of species' ecology and community dynamics. In multidimensional habitats such as tropical rainforests, arboreal (canopy‐dwelling) taxa comprise up to three‐quarters of vertebrate assemblages; yet, wildlife surveys are typically limited to ground level. Terrestrial‐only sampling can result in activity metrics that do not take account of species' full use of horizontal and vertical habitat space. We paired ground‐ and canopy‐level camera traps to characterize mammal activity across vertical strata in Borneo. Additionally, we sampled unlogged and recovering‐logged rainforest to evaluate whether this activity was impacted by logging. Activity across vertical strata varied substantially among 37 species. Arboreal mammals were predominantly nocturnal or diurnal but never cathemeral, terrestrial mammals were mostly nocturnal or cathemeral, and semi‐arboreal mammals appeared to fill the temporal niches under‐utilized by other groups. Differences in activity between unlogged and recovering‐logged forest were minimal, with 92% of species found in both forest types retaining the same activity pattern. Our study demonstrates that the inclusion of canopy‐based sampling provides much greater insights into overall rainforest mammal activity than terrestrial sampling alone. Our results suggest that the varying opportunities and constraints of each stratum act in concert to influence the diel patterns of tropical mammals.

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“…In squirrels, both spatial and trophic partitioning are pointed out to be essential to prevent competition between sympatric species (Gautier-Hion et al, 1980;Brown & Batzli, 1985;Abdullah, Yusoff-Rashid & Idris, 2001;Saiful et al, 2001;Shafique et al, 2006). It is worth noting that habitat preference differs remarkably between C. erythraeus and D. rufigenis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MacKinnon, 1978;Muul & Lim, 1978;Weigl, 1978;Emmons, 1980;Glanz, 1984;Ando, Shiraishi & Uchida, 1985;Wells-Gosling, 1985;Lee, Progulske & Lin, 1986;Derge & Yahner, 2000;Saiful et al, 2001;Shafique et al, 2006). In mammals, differentiation of dietary resources is often considered particularly essential to avoid competition and enable sympatry between closely related species (Brown & Batzli, 1985;Ungar, 1995;Davies, Oates & Dasilva, 1999;Shah, 2003;Shafique et al, 2006). If dietary differentiation is significant between species, we may expect to see a divergence in the craniodental traits that are responsible for the initial processing of food, which play an important role in dietary specialization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Craniodental mechanics and the feeding ecology of two sympatric callosciurine squirrels in Vietnam

et al. 2009

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This study explores the relationship between feeding habit and craniodental morphology in two closely related sympatric callosciurine squirrels in south-east Asia: Callosciurus erythraeus and Dremomys rufigenis. Both C. erythraeus and D. rufigenis prefer fruits and insects, as generally seen in other tree squirrels. However, C. erythraeus also feeds extensively on hard seeds and tough tree bark, which are rarely included in the diet of D. rufigenis. We tested the hypothesis that C. erythraeus shows structural features in craniodental morphology that provide an advantage for feeding on hard seeds and tough tree bark. Results show that C. erythraeus possesses a greater mechanical advantage of the masseter and temporalis muscles for chewing, and a more robust zygomatic arch, compared with D. rufigenis. Callosciurus erythraeus is capable of generating a greater bite force at a given muscle force at the cheek teeth and its zygomatic arch is more resistant against the stresses generated by the masseter muscle, suggesting adaptation for feeding on hard seeds. Callosciurus erythraeus also exhibits greater leverage of the masseter and temporalis for incision and has a wider skull at the interorbital region, suggesting the capability for efficiently generating a greater bite force and a greater mechanical resistance to increased loads when biting into wood with its anterior dentition. Our findings indicate that the craniodental divergence between C. erythraeus and D. rufigenis may be linked functionally to the differences in their diets. We suggest that their morphological divergence may correlate with their dietary differences and contribute to the sympatric distribution of these closely related squirrels.

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Comparison of Diets Between Two Sympatric Flying Squirrel Species in Northern Pakistan

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Jaw Muscle Morphology in Two Sympatic Callosciurine Squirrels (Callosciurus ErythraeusandDremomys Rufigenis) in Vietnam

Comparison of Jaw Muscle Morphology in Two Sympatic Callosciurine Squirrels (Callosciurus ErythraeusandDremomys Rufigenis) in Vietnam

Stratified activity: Vertical partitioning of the diel cycle by rainforest mammals in Borneo

Craniodental mechanics and the feeding ecology of two sympatric callosciurine squirrels in Vietnam

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