Comparison of Diagnostic Tests in Distinct Well-Defined Conditions Related to Dry Eye Disease

Alves, Mônica; Reinach, Peter S.; Paula, Jayter Silva; Cruz, Anna Bárbara de Souza; Bachette, Letícia Graziela; Faustino, Jacqueline; Aranha, Francisco; Vigorito, Afonso Celso; Souza, Cármino Antônio de; Rocha, Eduardo Melani

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097921

Cited by 96 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…11,18,19 The vitamin D supplementation is recommended in the treatment of the many rheumatic conditions. 17 The effect of environmental and hormonal factors, such as vitamin D, was mentioned in the pathogenic process of dry-eye disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serum concentrations of vitamin D were measured by LC-MS/MS method (Shimadzu API 3200, Applied Biosystem, Waltham, MA, USA). 11 All blood samples were only taken between March and July because of the possible variation throughout the year. The serum vitamin D levels were described as follows: severe deficiency o10 μg/l, moderate deficiency 10-24 μg/l, desired 430 μg/l, and toxic 4150 μg/l.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

Kurtul

Ozer

Aydinli

2015

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test scores and to assess their relationship in non-Sjögren dry-eye patients. Methods Thirty-four patients with serum vitamin D deficiency and 21 control subjects with normal vitamin D levels were included in this study. The TBUT and Schirmer-1 test without topical anesthesia were performed to all patients. Results The mean TBUT were 5.18 ± 2.15 and 7.36 ± 3.10 s and Schirmer scores were 12.18 ± 6.44 and 18.57 ± 8.99 mm in the study and control groups, respectively. TBUT scores and Schirmer-1 results of the study group were significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). The mean vitamin D levels were 11.50 ± 1.8 ng/ml in the study group and 32.8 ± 8.72 ng/ml in control group (P = 0.001). Dry-eye symptoms were detected in all patients in the study group and 15% of the patients in the control group. Conclusions We demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency decreases the TBUT and Schirmer test values and may be associated with dry-eye symptoms in non-Sjögren syndrome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

Kurtul

Ozer

Aydinli

2015

Eye

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“…Some of them are; forms of steroidal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, oral cholinergic agonist, vitamin A and D, neurotransmitters and neuropeptides besides usual topical drops used for dry eye treatment. 14 The vitamin-D supplementation is suggested for chronic autoimmune diseases and recommended in the treatment of the many rheumatic conditions. 4,16 Tincani et al referred that vitamin-D supplementation as an additional way for optimization of Ss treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Corneal fluorescein staining was evaluated using cobalt blue illumination following the 15-point NEI/Industry scale (grades of 0-3 for five regions of the ocular surface), after TBUT measurements. 14 The Schirmer 1 test was applied without anesthesia by placing a standardized strip of filter paper in the 1/3 lateral tarsal conjunctiva away from the cornea. Outcomes were expressed in millimeters after 5 minutes of wetting.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Ocular Surface Clinical Parameters in Patients with Non-Sjögren Dry Eye

Kurtul¹,

Aydinli²,

Özer³

2015

Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol

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“…The Schirmer 1 test was applied by placing a standardized strip of filter paper in the 1/3 lateral tarsal conjunctiva away from the cornea. Outcomes were expressed in millimeters after 5 minutes of wetting [10].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

Kurtul¹,

Kabataş²,

Özer³

et al. 2017

Eye Care Vis

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Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the ophthalmic manifestations in terms of insulin resistance (IR), lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children.Methods: Subjects (aged from 5 to17 years) were divided into 2 groups according to their body mass index (BMI) percentiles as obese and non-obese and 4 subgroups according to absence or presence of insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and pubertal status. Sixty obese children (BMI >95th percentile), 58 healthy control subjects with the same age range (BMI <85th percentile) were admitted to this prospective study. Demographic features and laboratory measurements of subjects were recorded. Ophthalmological examination, including ocular surface parameters, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), and biometric measurements were assed among subgroups. Results:The subjects in obese group were significantly more hypertensive than control group [13 patients (21.7%), and 1 patient (1.7%) respectively, (p=0.001)]. Incidence of hyperinsulinism and the homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) levels and of obese children were significantly higher than control group (p=0.003, and p=0.034, respectively). The rate of hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in obesity (+) hyperlipidemia (+) subgroup (p=0.002). The mean CCT values were significantly lower in obesity (+) IR (+) subgroup (p=0.023). Schirmer test scores were significantly lower in obesity (-) subgroups regardless of IR, lipid and pubertal status. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that decreased CCT levels may be related to presence of IR in obese children. The coexistence of hypertensive retinopathy with hyperlipidemia may occur in childhood obesity.

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Comparison of Diagnostic Tests in Distinct Well-Defined Conditions Related to Dry Eye Disease

Cited by 96 publications

References 40 publications

The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

The Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Ocular Surface Clinical Parameters in Patients with Non-Sjögren Dry Eye

Evaluation of ophthalmic manifestations according to insulin resistance, lipid and pubertal status in obese and healthy children

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