Comparison of descriptive variables for symptomatic volunteers and clinical patients with anxiety disorders

Rapaport, Mark Hyman; Frevert, Theresa; Babior, Shirley; Seymour, Sherry; Zisook, Sidney; Kelsoe, John R.; Judd, Lewis L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-7154(1996)2:3<117::aid-anxi2>3.0.co;2-m

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…First, the data indicate that heavier users of chewing tobacco do not shy away from joining research studies. Essentially, those chewers who are 'sicker' are more likely to seek treatment, a finding that is consistent with research on selection bias in other health behavior areas (Amori & Lenox, 1989;Britton, McKee, Black, McPherson, Sanderson, & Bain, 1999;Carroll, Nich, McLellan, McKay, & Rounsaville, 1999;Rapaport et al, 1996). Second, assuming that more highly dependent chewers find it harder to quit, treatments found effective for trial participants are likely quite powerful and generalizable to a wide range of less dependent chewers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Generalizability of findings from a chewing tobacco cessation clinical trial

Howard-Pitney

Fortmann

Killen

2001

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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This study examined selection bias by comparing characteristics of a general population sample of tobacco chewers, participants in a chewing tobacco cessation trial, and non-participants in the trial. A population-based sample of chewers (n = 155) was surveyed by telephone to assess demographics, tobacco-use patterns, and quitting history. Six months later, chewers from this same population were recruited for a cessation trial (n = 401 participants and 68 non-participants). Trial participants differed little from general population chewers on demographics, but they used more chew and were more dependent on nicotine. They were more likely to have tried to quit, received advice to quit and experienced tobacco-related health problems. Trial non-participants were virtually identical to participants on demographic and tobacco use measures. The findings suggest that clinically tested treatments are generalizable beyond the research setting, because trial participants are demographically representative of the general population of chewing tobacco users, are not biased toward light users, and are representative of those chewers most likely to seek out community-based cessation services outside the trial context.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Generalizability of findings from a chewing tobacco cessation clinical trial

Howard-Pitney

Fortmann

Killen

2001

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Finally, because older adults do not readily apply for referral to a mental health care setting, recruitment for late-life anxiety treatment studies is primarily accomplished through media announcements [35,36]. Media recruitment of participants also carries the risk of biased research findings, as has been put forward by several publications on media recruitment in mixed-age populations [37].…”

Section: Psychological Interventionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-life Anxiety Disorders: A Review

Schuurmans

Balkom

2011

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Anxiety disorders are a major clinical problem in late life; estimated prevalence rates vary from 6% to 10%, and the disease impact is considerable and equal to that of depression. However, anxiety disorders often remain undetected and untreated in older adults. This discrepancy may be accounted for by a combination of patient variables (eg, a lack of help-seeking behavior and long duration of illness) and variables related to current clinical practice (eg, a lack of knowledge regarding late-life anxiety and ageism). Because anxiety disorders usually have an age at onset earlier in life, patients and mental health professionals may be inclined to attribute the anxiety and avoidance symptoms to personality factors instead of a treatable syndrome. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, such as depressive disorder, may complicate the appropriate diagnosis. Identification may be further obscured because the phenomenology of anxiety disorders in older adults tends to differ from the phenomenology in younger adults. Randomized controlled trials have yielded support for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and serotonergic antidepressants. However, both treatments seem hampered by relatively high dropout rates, and the available data are based primarily on a relatively healthy, well-educated, and "young" older population. The dissemination of knowledge regarding late-life anxiety disorders is vital, as evidence-based treatments are available but are still rarely implemented.

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“…Thirty were withdrawn during the six-week double-blind phase; 131 completed the study. Sixty-eight of the 161 randomized patients were included in the subgroup population (20,18, and 30 in the placebo, lesopitron, and lorazepam groups, respectively) based on their preexisting history of GAD or an anxiety disorder not otherwise specified (D S M -I V criteria). Ten of these patients were withdrawn during the six-week double-blind phase; 58 completed the study.…”

Section: R E S U L T S Patient Disposition and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and Safety of Lesopitron in Outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Fresquet

Sust²,

Lloret

et al. 2000

Ann Pharmacother

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The subgroup analysis represents a comparison of treatment outcome in GAD patients presenting with a history of previous episodes of GAD or anxiety disorder not otherwise specified compared with those who were experiencing their first episode of GAD and reported no anxiety history. Although the overall study analysis was equivocal, for the approximately 40% of patients with recurrent anxiety disorder, beneficial effects for both lesopitron and lorazepam are suggested.

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Comparison of descriptive variables for symptomatic volunteers and clinical patients with anxiety disorders

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Generalizability of findings from a chewing tobacco cessation clinical trial

Generalizability of findings from a chewing tobacco cessation clinical trial

Late-life Anxiety Disorders: A Review

Efficacy and Safety of Lesopitron in Outpatients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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