Comparison of demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity among methamphetamine-, heroin- and methamphetamine-heroin co- dependent males in Hunan, China

Dong, Huixi; Yang, Mei; Liu, Liang; Zhang, Chenxi; Liu, Mengqi; Shen, Yidong; Liu, Huanzhong; Hao, Wei

doi:10.1186/s12888-017-1346-7

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Previous clinical data showed a rather high frequency of combined utilization of MA and heroin in both habitual heroin and MA users (2,5). Further, preclinical studies demonstrated that MA-heroin combinations ("speedballs") produce greater rewarding effects (34); for example, urine of MMT patients in Yunnan tested positive for both morphine and MA (3), and half had used amphetamine among current primary heroin users while two-thirds of primary amphetamine users had used heroin (4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Before 2014, heroin was the most common illicit drug in China, followed by methamphetamine (MA), either in the form of crystals or pills; henceforth, the number of MA users increased significantly coinciding with the reduction of heroin users (1), suggesting dual drug use epidemics in China. In addition, issues related to the combined utilization of MA and heroin were also identified (2). Further, a 2014 survey conducted in five major Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) clinics in the Yunnan province showed that the urine of about 9.2% of participants was positive for both morphine and MA (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reciprocal Substitution Between Methamphetamine and Heroin in Terms of Reinforcement Effects in Rats

et al. 2020

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Heroin and methamphetamine are both popular illicit drugs in China. Previous clinical data showed that habitual users of either heroin or methamphetamine abuse the other drug for substitution in case of unavailability of their preferred drug. The present study aimed to observe whether heroin can substitute the methamphetamine reinforcement effect in rats, and vice versa. Rats were trained to self-administer heroin or methamphetamine (both 50 mg/kg/infusion) under an FR1 reinforcing schedule for 10 days. After having extracted the dose-effect curve of the two drugs, we administered methamphetamine at different doses (12.5-200 mg/kg/infusion) to replace heroin during the period of self-administration, and vice versa. The heroin dose-effect curve showed an inverted U-shaped trend, and the total intake dose of heroin significantly increased when the training dose increased from 50 to 100 or 200 mg/kg/infusion. Following replacement with methamphetamine, the total dose-effect curve shifted leftwards and upwards. By contrast, although the dose-effect curve of methamphetamine also showed an inverted U-shaped trend, the total dose of methamphetamine significantly decreased when the training dose decreased from 50 to 25 mg/kg/infusion; conversely, when the methamphetamine training dose increased, the total dose did not change significantly. The total dose-effect curve shifted rightwards after heroin was substituted with methamphetamine. Although heroin and methamphetamine had their own independent reward effects, low doses of methamphetamine can replace the heroin reward effect, while high doses of heroin can replace the methamphetamine reward effect. These results demonstrated that heroin and methamphetamine can substitute each other in terms of reinforcement effects in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal Substitution Between Methamphetamine and Heroin in Terms of Reinforcement Effects in Rats

et al. 2020

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“…Psychiatric comorbidity is a major issue that should be addressed when treating patients with substance abuse in order to maintain abstinence. A recent study by Dong et al from both compulsory and voluntary treatment centers in China shows significant differences in the psychiatric comorbidity, based on the drug of choice, with methamphetamine-dependence related to higher rates of psychotic disorders and heroin-dependence related to higher rates of substance-induced mood disorders ( 7 , 8 ). Previous research by Yin et al in one of China's methadone maintenance treatment centers indicated a high prevalence of anxiety among drug users in treatment (18.4 %) and a significant number with co-occurring depression (14.2%) ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety Symptoms and the Associated Factors Among Chinese Drug Users Undergoing Compulsory Detoxification Treatment

Yang

Kovarik

Wang³

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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Compulsory drug detoxification treatment (CDT) is currently the major drug rehabilitation modality in China, and drug users often suffer from extraordinary levels of stress during CDT, leading to a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms. This study assesses anxiety symptoms of the drug users undergoing CDT and explores the associated factors. A cross-sectional study with cluster sampling was conducted in three cities in Liaoning Province of Northeast China. Nine hundred CDT drug users were interviewed face-to-face with Chinese questionnaires. Hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) analysis was conducted to explore the factors associated with anxiety symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptoms among the CDT drug users was substantially high (33.2%). HMR analysis indicated perceived stress and characteristics of drug use such as types of drugs, were the most important contributors to anxiety symptoms. Optimism (LOT-R) played a protective role in reducing anxiety symptoms in this population. Anxiety symptoms of drug users undergoing CDT were present in a significant proportion of the CDT population. Optimism is a protective factor which could attenuate the detrimental effects of perceived stress on anxiety symptoms and potentially improve treatment outcomes.

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“…An ongoing longitudinal study showed that early childhood sleep problems (3–5 years of age) significantly increased the likelihood of an early onset of any use of alcohol and illicit drugs, as well as an early onset of occasional or regular cigarette smoking in adolescence (12–14 years of age) ( 7 ). Heroin and methamphetamine (MA) are the most commonly used illicit drug in China ( 10 ). Our previous study showed that a majority of heroin users displayed poor sleep quality, especially those long-term users ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Differences in Sleep Problems Among Drug Users

Tang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background Illicit drug use has been recognized as a major problem. Clinical studies demonstrated that poor sleep quality was associated with increased frequency of drug use and relapse. However, few studies addressed the issue of sleep quality and gender differences in illicit drug dependent subjects. The present study aimed to explore the gender differences in sleep problems in drug users. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2,178 illicit drug users, including 1,875 male users [884 methamphetamine (MA) users and 991 heroin or other drug users] and 303 female users (78 MA users and 225 heroin or other drug users, 13.9%), from drug rehabilitation centers in Changsha, and 2,236 non-drug-using subjects, including 1,910 males and 326 females (14.6%) completed the self-report Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results We found that the prevalence of suggestive sleep problems (PSQI>5) between male and female was 67.4 and 75.2% in overall illicit drug use sample (p<0.001), 52.4 and 75.6% in MA users (<0.001), 80.8 and 75.1% in heroin or other drugs users (p=0.054), 26.0 and 28.8% in healthy controls (p=0.287). For sleep quality, the mean of PSQI total score (M±SD) between male and female was 7.8±4.42 and 8.9±4.15 in overall illicit drug users (p<0.001), 6.4±4.45 and 9.1±4.00 in MA users (<0.001), 9.1±3.96 and 8.9±4.21 in heroin or other drugs users (p=0.394), 4.2±2.46 and 4.4±2.51 in healthy control sample (p=0.090). These results indicated that only MA users, rather than heroin or other drugs users and healthy controls, showed gender differences in sleep problems. Conclusions In this study, female users reported higher frequency of sleep problems and poorer sleep quality than male users in MA users’ group, but not in heroin or other drug users group. Future studies aim at quantifying the benefits of treatment interventions should not neglect the influence of sleeping problems and its gender differences.

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Comparison of demographic characteristics and psychiatric comorbidity among methamphetamine-, heroin- and methamphetamine-heroin co- dependent males in Hunan, China

Cited by 15 publications

References 43 publications

Reciprocal Substitution Between Methamphetamine and Heroin in Terms of Reinforcement Effects in Rats

Reciprocal Substitution Between Methamphetamine and Heroin in Terms of Reinforcement Effects in Rats

A Multi-Site Cross-Sectional Study of Anxiety Symptoms and the Associated Factors Among Chinese Drug Users Undergoing Compulsory Detoxification Treatment

Gender Differences in Sleep Problems Among Drug Users

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