Comparison of damage to live <i>v</i>. euthanized Atlantic salmon <scp><i>Salmo salar</i></scp> smolts from passage through an Archimedean screw turbine

Brackley, Robert; Lucas, Martyn C.; Thomas, Rhian; Adams, Colin E.; Bean, Colin W.

doi:10.1111/jfb.13596

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fish-friendly turbines (e.g. the Archimedes screw; Brackley et al, 2018) may also be used to combine the advantage of electricity production and a potential safe migration route, but some studies have demonstrated their low attraction (Havn et al, 2017;Piper et al, 2018;Renardy et al, 2020) or provided new insights on the fishfriendliness of Archimedes hydrodynamic screws (Pauwels et al, 2020). Another challenge is to understand the selection of a migration route by smolts when they are confronted with multiple choices, combining both safe and unsafe routes (Renardy et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving bypass performance and passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at an old fish-hostile hydroelectric power station: a challenging task

Ovidio

Renardy

Dierckx

et al. 2021

Ecological Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Old hydroelectric power stations often provide unsafe migration routes to fish, apart from passing through mobile gates during high flow. The installation of retrofitted bypass is considered to be a potential solution to improve fish passage at such old structures, but their performances are often insufficient. In the Amblève River (Belgium), a mobile 3.3 m high dam feeds two principal Francis turbines (12 + 14 m 3 s − 1) and is equipped with three mobile gates, a modern vertical slot upstream fish pass and a retrofitted downstream bypass functioning at a very low flow (1% of maximum turbined flow). A bypassed river section (length 8.4 km) downstream of the dam was set at 3 m 3 s − 1 and supplies a Francis microturbine. From 2015 to 2016, we used 1150 hatchery Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar), and we placed antennae with automatic radio-frequency identification (RFID) stations to analyse the migration routes used (n = 5). We tested the attraction efficiency and the performance of the bypass with and without the placement of a guidance system at the entrance and examined the proportion of smolt passage at the different migration routes under three functioning configurations. The placement of the guidance system markedly improved the attraction efficiency and the overall passage efficiency. The median time spent at the entrance of the bypass was from 7 to 12 min, and the time spent near the entrance of the bypass was less than 1 h for 67.1% (release 1), 88.2% (release 2) and 63.7% (release 3) of the smolts. During the three release events, the smolts arrived near the entrance of the bypass mostly during the dusk and dark periods (87.5%, 96.0% and 95.5%, for releases 1, 2 and 3, respectively). In a configuration without opening a mobile gate, the bypass was the most used migration route, followed by the microturbine and the main turbine. Stopping the microturbine and opening a mobile gate has consequences of making it the first choice of passage followed by the main turbine and the bypass. The re-establishment of safe and quick downstream migration has to be considered with a holistic view of the functioning of the hydroelectric powerstation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving bypass performance and passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at an old fish-hostile hydroelectric power station: a challenging task

Ovidio

Renardy

Dierckx

et al. 2021

Ecological Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A substantial number of fish were found with scale loss, grinding injury, bleeding, and partial or complete cuts. In a study on the River Dart, UK, it was observed that almost all fish, including eels (Anguilla anguilla), trout (Salmo trutta) and salmonids (Salmo salar), passed through the Archimedes screw either unharmed (eels) or with negligible scale loss (salmon) [7][8][9][10]. Similarly, scale loss did not differ between treatment and control groups of salmon in a study on the river Don, Scotland [10], but investigations of scale loss on euthanized individuals at the same site showed severe scale loss and distinctive patterns of scale loss due to grinding between the turbine blades and housing trough [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study on the River Dart, UK, it was observed that almost all fish, including eels (Anguilla anguilla), trout (Salmo trutta) and salmonids (Salmo salar), passed through the Archimedes screw either unharmed (eels) or with negligible scale loss (salmon) [7][8][9][10]. Similarly, scale loss did not differ between treatment and control groups of salmon in a study on the river Don, Scotland [10], but investigations of scale loss on euthanized individuals at the same site showed severe scale loss and distinctive patterns of scale loss due to grinding between the turbine blades and housing trough [11]. In addition, further studies found that fish with a body mass less than 1 kg were not injured by contact with the screw leading edge if the tip speed was less than 4.5 m/s, and the addition of a rubber leading edge further reduced injuries to larger fish at higher tip speeds [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Species Assessment of Injury, Mortality, and Physical Conditions during Downstream Passage through a Large Archimedes Hydrodynamic Screw (Albert Canal, Belgium)

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fish passing downstream through hydraulic structures and turbines may be exposed to an elevated risk of injury and mortality. The majority of live fish studies are single-species laboratory investigations and field studies of Kaplan turbines, with a limited number of studies in Francis and screw turbines. In addition to these studies, the physical conditions during turbine passage can be directly measured using passive sensors. In this study, we investigate the multispecies risk of injury and mortality during downstream passage through a large Archimedes hydrodynamic screw for bream (Abramis brama), eel (Anguilla anguilla), and roach (Rutilus rutilus) in conjunction with passive sensors that record the pressure, acceleration, and rate of rotation. This work proposes several new metrics to assess downstream passage including the times and durations of impact events, the kinetic energies of translation and rotation, and the pressure gradient. The major findings of this work are three-fold: (1) Significant differences in injury and mortality were observed between the three investigated species with 37% mortality for bream, 19% for roach, and 3% for eel on average. (2) The operational scenario was found to be significant only for a limited number of species-specific injuries and mortality rates. (3) In contrast to studies in Kaplan turbines, the sensor data revealed highly chaotic physical conditions in the Archimedes hydrodynamic screw, showing little difference in the physical metrics between operational scenarios.

show abstract

“…Habitat fragmentation occurs largely as a result of anthropogenic processes, affecting both terrestrial (e.g., road construction, deforestation, agriculture) and aquatic (e.g., construction of dams, weirs, and culverts) ecosystems (Haddad et al., 2015 ; Jones et al., 2019 ). This constrains the natural movement of animals, the consequences of which range from suboptimal resource acquisition (Andren, 1994 ; Saunders et al., 1991 ) to mortality from interactions with human‐built structures (Brackley et al., 2018 ; Haigh et al., 2014 ; Thorstad et al., 2008 ). These negative consequences may be either direct (e.g., collisions with motor vehicles during road crossings, strikes from hydropower turbines) or indirect (e.g., excessive energy expenditure, increased predation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This constrains the natural movement of animals, the consequences of which range from suboptimal resource acquisition (Andren, 1994;Saunders et al, 1991) to mortality from interactions with humanbuilt structures (Brackley et al, 2018;Haigh et al, 2014;Thorstad et al, 2008). These negative consequences may be either direct (e.g., collisions with motor vehicles during road crossings, strikes from hydropower turbines) or indirect (e.g., excessive energy expenditure, increased predation).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of individual behavioral traits on fishway passage attempt behavior

Lothian

Lucas

2021

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Variations in behavioral traits are widely recognized to drive animal behaviors exhibited within a population. However, information on how behavior traits influence behavior in anthropogenically modified habitats is lacking. Many habitats have become highly fragmented as a result of human processes. To mitigate this and improve habitat connectivity, wildlife passes are increasingly employed, with the aim of enabling animals to move freely between habitats. However, wildlife passes (e.g., fishways) are not always effective in achieving passage and it remains uncertain what factors play a role in an individual's likelihood of passing successfully. This study measured three behavioral traits (boldness, exploration, and activity) in juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta; n = 78) under field conditions within a river and tested whether these behavior traits influenced both the passage success and the behaviors exhibited during upstream fishway passage attempts. Although behavioral traits were found and collapsed into two behavioral trait dimensions, behavioral traits had low repeatability and so did not contribute to a personality spectrum. Boldness was found to negatively influence the number of passage attempts carried out by an individual and to positively influence passage success, with bolder individuals carrying out fewer attempts and having an increased probability of passage success. No behavioral traits were found to be related to other passage metrics (passage success, Time until First Attempt, and Passage Duration) during the first passage. But all three behavioral traits were significantly negatively related to the changes in passage behaviors at consecutive, successful passage attempts, with bolder, more exploratory and more active individuals passing through a fishway quicker on the second passage than on the first. This study suggests that bolder and more active individuals may perform better during fishway passage attempts, particularly within rivers where multiple barriers to movement exist.

show abstract

Comparison of damage to live v. euthanized Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts from passage through an Archimedean screw turbine

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Improving bypass performance and passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at an old fish-hostile hydroelectric power station: a challenging task

Improving bypass performance and passage success of Atlantic salmon smolts at an old fish-hostile hydroelectric power station: a challenging task

Multi-Species Assessment of Injury, Mortality, and Physical Conditions during Downstream Passage through a Large Archimedes Hydrodynamic Screw (Albert Canal, Belgium)

The role of individual behavioral traits on fishway passage attempt behavior

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About