Comparison of daily and seasonal exposures of young monkeys to ozone

Tyler, W. S.; Tyler, Nancy K.; Gillespie, Martha J.; Barstow, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/0300-483x(88)90086-8

Cited by 86 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lung injury in the early postnatal period impairs cellular differentiating capacity and proliferation, producing abnormal postnatal lung growth and development in rabbits (Smiley-Jewell et al, 1998). Exposure of neonatal primates to oxidative insult (via ozone exposure) has been shown to impair the development of pulmonary gas exchange units and bronchioli (Tyler et al, 1988). Experimental studies in rats clearly defined the critical window of exposure to ETS as both the pre-and in Figure 11 (Zoetis & Hurtt, 2003a).…”

Section: Periods Of Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The urinary metabolites of phthalates are well-accepted exposure biomarkers for adults and children older than 6 years but are not commonly used for infants owing to non-convenient sampling. In the light of this situation, a novel sampling method based on monitoring the urine expressed from the gel diaper was developed. The urine was expressed from the gel absorbent after mixing the absorbent with CaCl2 and then collected by a laboratory-made device; the urinary phthalate metabolites were extracted and cleaned using a solid-phase extraction (SPE) column and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry. To evaluate the method's feasibility, the following factors were investigated: the proportion of CaCl2 to gel absorbent, the urination volume variation and the target compounds' deposition bias in the diaper, the matrix blank of the different diaper brands, the storage stabilities and the recoveries of creatinine and phthalate metabolites in the expressed urine. Mono-methyl phthalate, mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate were involved. 70-80% of the urine can be expressed from the diaper, and the expressed spiking recoveries and the limit of detection of mono-phthalates ranged from 88.5-115% and 0.21-0.50 ng/ml. The method was applied to measure phthalate metabolites in 65 gel diaper samples from 15 infants, and the pilot data suggests the infants are commonly exposed to phthalates. In summary, the method for monitoring of infant exposure to phthalates is sound and validated, and the potential health effects from the vulnerable infants' exposure to phthalates should be concerned.39th Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (SRF for ROCS); Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams [KZCX2-YW-T08

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Section: Periods Of Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressing urine from a gel disposable diaper for biomonitoring using phthalates as an example

Liu

Xia

Guo

et al. 2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…These results are supported by data from animal studies in which exposure to ozone for months and years has been shown to cause structural changes in several regions of the respiratory tract, with the effects in the deep lung where most chronic airway diseases of the lung occur (3). These effects are not reversible, raising concerns that seasonal exposures to ozone may have a cumulative impact over many years (22)(23)(24). The sensitivity to chronic ozone exposures varies by species (25), with the rat having the lowest response (26,27) and the monkey the greatest (22,28).…”

Section: Criteria Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects are not reversible, raising concerns that seasonal exposures to ozone may have a cumulative impact over many years (22)(23)(24). The sensitivity to chronic ozone exposures varies by species (25), with the rat having the lowest response (26,27) and the monkey the greatest (22,28). Together, these findings led the U.S. EPA (3) (31).…”

Section: Criteria Air Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria air pollutants and toxic air pollutants.

Suh

Bahadori

Vallarino

et al. 2000

Environ Health Perspect

110

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This review presents a brief overview of the health effects and exposures of two criteria pollutants-ozone and particulate matter-and two toxic air pollutants-benzene and formaldehyde. These pollutants were selected from the six criteria pollutants and from the 189 toxic air pollutants on the basis of their prevalence in the United States, their physicochemical behavior, and the magnitude of their potential health threat. The health effects data included in this review primarily include results from epidemiologic studies; however, some findings from animal studies are also discussed when no other information is available. Health effects findings for each pollutant are related in this review to corresponding information about outdoor, indoor, and personal exposures and pollutant sources.

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“…Because chronic exposures are some cumulative function of a series of acute exposures, a linkage exists between acute and chronic exposures, but the mechanisms, at present, are not fully defined. Some of the effects seen in animals subjected to subchronic and chronic exposures to ozone are: an increase in respiratory bronchioles in monkeys and a thickening of their walls (Tyler et al 1988;Moffatt et al 1987); a thickening of the alveolar septa (Moffatt et al 1987); increased numbers of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in the interstitia of monkeys' (Tyler et al 1988, Moffatt et al 1987) and rats' (Pickrell et al 1987) lungs; increases in the number of epithelial cells (Boorman et al 1980); altered morphology and cell type shifts in rats (Huang et al 1988;Grose et al 1989); and an increase in amorphous extracellular matrix in rats (Huang et al 1988;Grose et al 1989). Finally, Zelikoff et al (1991) have demonstrated that rabbits exposed to ozone exhibit compromised macrophage (MO) responses in lung tissue.…”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%