Comparison of cytokine expression profiles in infants with a rhinovirus induced lower respiratory tract infection with or without wheezing: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether infants with rhinovirus (RV) infection-induced wheezing and those with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection-induced wheezing have different cytokine profiles in the acute stage.MethodsOf the infants with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) between September 2011 and May 2012, 88 were confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and hospitalized. Systemic interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and Treg-type cytokine (IL-10) responses were examined with multiplex assay using acute phase serum samples.ResultsOf the 88 patients, 38 had an RV infection (RV group) and 50 had an RSV infection (RSV group). In the RV group, the IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were higher in the patients with than in the patients without wheezing (P=0.022 and P=0.007, respectively). In the RSV group, the differences in IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations did not reach statistical significance between the patients with and the patients without wheezing (P=0.105 and P=0.965, respectively). The IFN-γ and IL-10 concentrations were not significantly different between the RV group with wheezing and the RSV group with wheezing (P=0.155 and P=0.801, respectively), in contrast to the significant difference between the RV group without wheezing and the RSV group without wheezing (P=0.019 and P=0.035, respectively).ConclusionIn comparison with RSV-induced LRTI, RV-induced LRTI combined with wheezing showed similar IFN-γ and IL-10 levels, which may have an important regulatory function.

Comparison of immune response to human rhinovirus C and respiratory syncytial virus in highly differentiated human airway epithelial cells

“…Compared with RSV infection, HRV-C induced relatively low cytokine secretion (except IFN-λ1 and IP-10) in response to HBE ALI cells during 48 h in this study. This is in accordance with previous clinical studies [ 17 , 18 ]. Unlike RSV, HRV does not determine airway epithelial cell a clear cytopathic effect but compromises the epithelial barrier function by dissociating zonula occludens-1 of the cells from the tight junction complex during viral replication [ 19 ].…”

Comparison of Immune Response To Human Rhinovirus C And Respiratory Syncytial Virus In Highly Differentiated Human Airway Epithelial Cells

“…Compared with RSV infection, HRV-C induced relatively low cytokine secretion (except IFN-λ1 and IP-10) in response to HBE ALI cells during 48 hours in this study. This is in accordance with previous clinical studies [17,18]. Unlike RSV, HRV does not determine airway epithelial cell a clear cytopathic effect but compromises the epithelial barrier function by dissociating zonula occludens-1 of the cells from the tight junction complex during viral replication [19].…”

Cytokine expression in rhinovirus- vs. respiratory syncytial virus-induced first wheezing episode and its relation to clinical course

“…Furthermore, regarding the change in the cytokine response from PBMCs, the RV group was characterized by a decreasing trend of Type 2-associated profile (I-309 and TARC) and an increasing trend of Type 1- and Th17-associated profiles (fractalkine and IL-1β, respectively). Although previous studies (from nasal swabs) have shown differences in IFN-γ and IL-10 expression between children infected with RV and RSV ( 37 ), one recent study showed that this difference dissipated when RV-bronchiolitis and RSV-bronchiolitis are accompanied by wheezing ( 38 ). This finding is in line with our results.…”