Comparison of Cyanamide and Placebo in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence of Adolescents

Niederhofer, Helmut; Staffen, Wolfgang; Mair, Alois

doi:10.1093/alcalc/agg011

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Cyanamide is used in the treatment of alcoholism in Japan, Europe, and North America with comparatively few side-effects [Niederhofer et al, 2003]. Only a few cases of adverse skin reactions, including allergic contact dermatitis, lichen planus-like eruptions, exfoliative dermatitis [Kawana, 1997], fixed drug eruption, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome, have been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to cyanamide associated with multiple reactivation of human herpesviruses

et al. 2005

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Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), characterized by serious adverse systemic reactions in addition to skin rash, has unknown pathogenesis. Its association with human herpesvirus (HHV), mainly HHV-6, has been reported recently. A 46-year-old Japanese man is described in whom a generalized eruption developed about 1 month after taking cyanamide, a drug for alcoholism. This was associated with the following manifestations: high fever, lymphadenopathy, facial edema, marked leukocytosis with eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytes, lymphocytopenia, liver and renal dysfunction, and low IgG level. He was treated with 8 mg betamethasone daily and his condition improved, but he needed low-dose corticosteroid for almost 1 year because of several episodes of recurrence. HHV-6, HHV-7, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific IgG titers showed more than a four-fold rise sequentially. Significant numbers of copies of HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA were detected in the peripheral white blood cells by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). HHV-6 and CMV DNA were detected in the serum by nested PCR. A patch test for cyanamide was positive. The diagnosis of DIHS due to cyanamide, which has never been reported as a causal drug of DIHS, accompanied by reactivation of not only HHV-6, but also HHV-7, CMV, and HSV, was made. Disturbance of the immune system was suggested by the persistent low level of IgG, and consecutive viral reactivation may have participated in the prolonged course in this case.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to cyanamide associated with multiple reactivation of human herpesviruses

et al. 2005

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“…The fact that, in those studies, high peripheral levels of acetaldehyde do not have an anxiolytic effect is not surprising if we consider that peripheral accumulation of acetaldehyde has clinically been used as a strategy to reduce ethanol intake (Eriksson 2001). The use of drugs like disulfiram or cyanamide, which block acetaldehyde elimination by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), the enzyme that metabolizes acetaldehyde into acetic acid (Zimatkin and Deitrich 1997;Zimatkin et al 2006), is one of the oldest pharmacological tools to treat alcoholism (Eriksson 2001;Niederhofer et al 2003;Sereny et al 1986). Their efficacy is based on the aversive reaction that high blood acetaldehyde levels have on the subject after consuming alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol by centrally formed acetaldehyde: the role of catalase inhibitors and acetaldehyde-sequestering agents

et al. 2008

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Thus, when cerebral metabolism of ethanol into acetaldehyde is blocked by catalase inhibitors, or acetaldehyde is inactivated, there is a suppressive effect on the anxiolytic actions of ethanol. These data provide further support for the idea that centrally formed or administered acetaldehyde can contribute to some of the psychopharmacological actions of ethanol, including its anxiolytic properties.

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“…107 Due to its ability to interact with thiol residues in ALDH, 108 an important enzyme in the metabolism of ethanol, it can be useful in the clinical management of alcoholism. 109 Because of reported hepatotoxic, hematological, and dermatological side effects, due to the formation of cyanide as a by-product, the clinical use of cyanamide raises significant toxicological concerns. [109][110][111] Isopropylamine diazeniumdiolate, also named as IPA/NO (Fig.…”

Section: Nitroxyl Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…109 Because of reported hepatotoxic, hematological, and dermatological side effects, due to the formation of cyanide as a by-product, the clinical use of cyanamide raises significant toxicological concerns. [109][110][111] Isopropylamine diazeniumdiolate, also named as IPA/NO (Fig. 5), is often classified as a NONOate with HNOdonating properties.…”

Section: Nitroxyl Donorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides: Past, present, and future

Oliveira

Benfeito

Fernandes

et al. 2017

Medicinal Research Reviews

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The biological effects attributed to nitric oxide ( NO) and nitroxyl (HNO) have been extensively studied, propelling their array of putative clinical applications beyond cardiovascular disorders toward other age-related diseases, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the unique properties and reactivity of the N-O bond enabled the development of several classes of compounds with potential clinical interest, among which NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides are of particular importance. Although primarily studied for their application as cardioprotective agents and/or molecular probes for radical detection, continuous efforts have unveiled a wide range of pharmacological activities and, ultimately, therapeutic applications. These efforts are of particular significance for diseases in which oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role, as shown by a growing volume of in vitro and in vivo preclinical data. Although in its early stages, these efforts may provide valuable guidelines for the development of new and effective N-O-based drugs for age-related disorders. In this report, we review recent advances in the chemistry of NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides and discuss its pharmacological significance and potential therapeutic application.

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Comparison of Cyanamide and Placebo in the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence of Adolescents

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to cyanamide associated with multiple reactivation of human herpesviruses

Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to cyanamide associated with multiple reactivation of human herpesviruses

Reduction in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol by centrally formed acetaldehyde: the role of catalase inhibitors and acetaldehyde-sequestering agents

NO and HNO donors, nitrones, and nitroxides: Past, present, and future

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