“…The ProFile Vortex™ product is an M‐Wire file (Gao, Shotton, Wilkinson, Phillips, & Johnson, ), and served as the control. The subsequently marketed ProFile Vortex Blue™ product is an M‐Wire file in which the manufacturer performs a special heat treatment that yields a blue colour from the titanium oxide surface film (Plotino, Grande, Cotti, Testarelli, & Gambarini, ; Tsujimoto et al, ). The ProTaper Gold™ product is also a subsequently marketed M‐Wire file, but subjected to different metallurgical processing (Hieawy, Haapasalo, Zhou, Wang, & Shen, ; Uygun et al, ).…”