Comparison of continuous in situ CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; observations at Jungfraujoch using two different measurement techniques

Schibig, Michael F.; Steinbacher, Martin; Buchmann, B.; Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. van der; Laan, S. van der; Ranjan, Shyam; Leuenberger, Markus

doi:10.5194/amt-8-57-2015

Cited by 32 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, the contribution of secondary CO can be expected to be relatively small, but a more quantitative estimate of the contribution of secondary CO would require dedicated chemistry-transport simulations that are outside of the scope of this study. CO is removed from the atmosphere by hydroxyl oxidation to CO 2 , and has a highly variable atmospheric lifetime (22 days in July (Miller et al, 2012) versus 254 days in January in the northern hemisphere at mid-latitudes CO-DERIVED BIOSPHERIC CO 2 -SIGNAL 3 (Sander et al, 2006.)). Recognizing these challenges and keeping the abovementioned possible pitfalls in mind, CO observations provide the basis for a potentially accurate and cost-efficient method to estimate the anthropogenic contribution to the observed CO 2 mole fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CO-based method to determine the regional biospheric signal in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Oney¹,

Gruber²,

Henne³

et al. 2017

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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Regional-scale inverse modeling of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) holds promise to determine the net CO 2 fluxes between the land biosphere and the atmosphere. This approach requires not only high fidelity of atmospheric transport and mixing, but also an accurate estimation of the contribution of the anthropogenic and background CO 2 signals to isolate the biospheric CO 2 signal from the atmospheric CO 2 variations. Thus, uncertainties in any of these three components directly impact the quality of the biospheric flux inversion. Here, we present and evaluate a carbon monoxide (CO)-based method to reduce these uncertainties solely on the basis of co-located observations. To this end, we use simultaneous observations of CO 2 and CO from a background observation site to determine the background mole fractions for both gases, and the regional anthropogenic component of CO together with an estimate of the anthropogenic CO/CO 2 mole fraction ratio to determine the anthropogenic CO 2 component. We apply this method to two sites of the CarboCount CH observation network on the Swiss Plateau, Beromünster and Lägern-Hochwacht, and use the high-altitude site Jungfraujoch as background for the year 2013. Since such a background site is not always available, we also explore the possibility to use observations from the sites themselves to derive the background. We contrast the method with the standard approach of isolating the biospheric CO 2 component by subtracting the anthropogenic and background components simulated by an atmospheric transport model. These tests reveal superior results from the observation-based method with retrieved wintertime biospheric signals being small and having little variance. Both observation-and model-based methods have difficulty to explain observations from late-winter and springtime pollution events in 2013, when anomalously cold temperatures and northeasterly winds tended to bring highly CO-enriched air masses to Switzerland. The uncertainty of anthropogenic CO/CO 2 emission ratios is currently the most important factor limiting the method. Further, our results highlight that care needs to be taken when the background component is determined from the site's observations. Nonetheless, we find that future atmospheric carbon monitoring efforts would profit greatly from at least measuring CO alongside CO 2 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A CO-based method to determine the regional biospheric signal in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Oney¹,

Gruber²,

Henne³

et al. 2017

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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“…They further require less frequent calibration. However, there exist only a few published studies (Flores et al, 2015;Rella et al, 2013;Schibig et al, 2015;Vardag et al, 2014) comparing these modern measurement techniques with CO 2 NDIR or CH 4 GC/FID, and crucial information is still lacking to demonstrate that the former can guarantee a smooth continuation of historic and ongoing time series.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of recent advances in measurement techniques for atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane observations

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Until recently, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) measurements were made almost exclusively using nondispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption and gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (GC/FID) techniques, respectively. Recently, commercially available instruments based on spectroscopic techniques such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), offaxis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy have become more widely available and affordable. This resulted in a widespread use of these techniques at many measurement stations. This paper is focused on the comparison between a CRDS "travelling instrument" that has been used during performance audits within the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with instruments incorporating other, more traditional techniques for measuring CO 2 and CH 4 (NDIR and GC/FID). We demonstrate that CRDS instruments and likely other spectroscopic techniques are suitable for WMO/GAW stations and allow a smooth continuation of historic CO 2 and CH 4 time series. Moreover, the analysis of the audit results indicates that the spectroscopic techniques have a number of advantages over the traditional methods which will lead to the improved accuracy of atmospheric CO 2 and CH 4 measurements.

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“…Many techniques and methods have been successfully utilized in surface in situ measurement of atmospheric CO 2 , CO, CH 4 and N 2 O (Newman et al, 2013;Sarangi et al, 2014;Vardag et al, 2014;WMO, 2014;Buchholz et al, 2016;Schibig et al, 2015). Although these in situ measurements made at surface sites show high accuracy and precision, their usefulness in determining the global strengths and distributions of source and sink for greenhouse gases is limited due to their sparse spatial coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) station has been established in Hefei, China to remotely measure CO 2 , CO and other greenhouse gases based on near-infrared solar absorption spectra. Total column measurements of atmospheric CO 2 and CO were successfully obtained from July 2014 to April 2016. The spectra collected with an InSb detector in the first year were compared with those collected by an InGaAs detector from July 2015, demonstrating that InGaAs spectra have better signal-to-noise ratios and rms of spectral fitting residuals relative to InSb spectra. Consequently, the measurement precision of the retrieved XCO 2 and XCO for InGaAs spectra is superior to InSb spectra, with about 0.04 and 0.09 % for XCO 2 , and 1.07 and 2.00 % for XCO within clear-sky days respectively. Daily and monthly averages of columnaveraged dry air mole fraction of CO 2 show a clear seasonal cycle, while the daily and monthly averages of XCO displayed no seasonal variation. Also, we analysed the relationship of the anomalies of XCO and XCO 2 , found that the correlations are only observable for individual days, and the data under different prevailing wind conditions during the observations displayed weak correlation. The observations based on the high-resolution FTS were also compared with the temporally coinciding measurements taken with a low-resolution solar FTS instrument, the EM27/SUN. Ratioing the daily averaged XCO 2 of EM27 and FTS gives an overall calibration factor of 0.996 ± 0.001. We also compared ground-based observations from the Tsukuba TCCON station with our observations, the results showing that the variation in phase and seasonal amplitude of XCO 2 are similar to our results, but the variation of XCO in Tsukuba is quite different from our data in Hefei. To further evaluate our retrieved data, we made use of satellite measurements. The direct comparison of our observations with the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data shows good agreement of daily median XCO 2 , with a bias of −0.52 ppm and standard deviation of 1.63 ppm. The correlation coefficient (R 2 ) is 0.79 for daily median XCO 2 between our FTS and GOSAT observations. Daily median Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) data produce a positive bias of 0.81 ppm and standard deviation of 1.73 ppm relative to our ground-based data. Our daily median XCO 2 also show strong correlation with OCO-2 data, with correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.83. Although there were a limited number of data during the observations due to instrument downtime and adverse weather, the results confirm the suitability of the observatory for ground-based long-term measurements of greenhouse gases with high precision and

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Comparison of continuous in situ CO<sub>2</sub> observations at Jungfraujoch using two different measurement techniques

Cited by 32 publications

References 19 publications

A CO-based method to determine the regional biospheric signal in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

A CO-based method to determine the regional biospheric signal in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

Assessment of recent advances in measurement techniques for atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane observations

Investigating the performance of a greenhouse gas observatory in Hefei, China

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