Comparison of continuous and sequential oestrogen-progestogen treatment in women with climacteric symptoms

Høvik, P.; Sundsbak, H.P.; Gaasemyr, M; Sandvik, Leiv

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(89)90122-9

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…More relevant may be the finding that inherited HDL‐C deficiency states as in Tangier disease do not necessarily induce atherosclerosis in humans 31 . Moreover, the effects of tibolone on non‐lipid determinants of cardiovascular risk are also encouraging, with no increase in blood pressure 32 , no increase in body fat 33 , improvement of exercise‐induced ischaemia in women with angina 34 , increase in capillary blood flow 35 , and a beneficial effect on haemostasi 41 Studies with continuous combined E 2 /NETA on non‐lipid determinants of cardiovascular risk are fewer, but there is no apparent increase in blood pressure 40 , a neutral effect on haemostasis 41 , and a potentially favourable reduction in plasma endothelin‐1 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double‐blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms

Hammar¹,

Christau²,

Nathorst-Böös

et al. 1998

BJOG

167

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Objective To compare the effects of two postmenopausal regimens on menopausal symptoms, bleeding episodes, side effects and acceptability.Design Double-blind, randomised controlled trial.Setting Twenty-nine sites in Denmark, nine in Norway and six in Sweden.Participants Four hundred and thirty-seven postmenopausal women with menopausal complaints. None of these women had had a hysterectomy.Interventions Daily treatment with tibolone 2.5 mg (n = 218) or l7p-oestradiol 2 mg plus norethisterone acetate 1 mg (E,lNETA) (n = 219). Main outcome measures Hot flushes, sweating episodes, vaginal dryness, assessment of sexual life and bleeding patterns; at baseline and after 4, 12,24 and 48 weeks.Results Treatment with either preparation significantly reduced mean scores for hot flushes, sweating episodes and vaginal dryness. The overall discontinuation rate was 28% (tibolone 25%, E,/NETA 31%; P = 0.14), mostly during the first six months. There was a markedly lower cumulative incidence of bleeding or spotting episodes with tibolone compared with E,/NETA ( P < O.OOOl), mainly during the first six treatment cycles. Conclusions Both tibolone and E,/NETA effectively alleviate menopausal symptoms. However, tibolone caused significantly fewer bleeding or spotting episodes, which were reflected by lower overall rates of bleeding, as well as lower drop-out rates due to bleeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double‐blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms

Hammar¹,

Christau²,

Nathorst-Böös

et al. 1998

BJOG

167

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“…However, these medications may have serious side effects, may not improve bone quality, or may not reduce susceptibility to fracture [16,17]. Recently, oriental traditional medicines have been re-evaluated by clinicians because these medicines have fewer side effects and are more suitable for long-term use compared with chemically synthesized medicines [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Anti-Osteoporosis Properties of Diverse Korean Drynariae rhizoma Phenolic Extracts

et al. 2014

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Drynariae rhizoma has been used to prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age. However, the chemical compounds in extracts that act on bone metabolism in herbal medicine are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and compare the extraction efficacy of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties of water extract (DR-DW) and ethanol extract (DR-EtOH) from D. rhizoma. Total phenolics and flavonoids were better extracted with 70% EtOH, and this extraction method also resulted in higher antioxidant activity and in vitro anti-osteoporosis properties in these extracts. In particular, the contents of phloroglucinol, protocatechuic acid ethyl ester, 2-amino-3,4-dimethyl-benzoic acid, 3-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin dehydrate, luteolin and emodin in DR-EtOH were higher than those in DR-DW. These results indicated that DR-EtOH could be a good source of natural herbs with anti-osteoporosis properties.

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“…Similar reductions in the incidence of endometrial bleeding are found with the use of lower doses of E2 and NETA 1.0/0.5 mg, although there are no head-to-head comparison trials with the higher dose E2 formulation. 6,[69][70][71][72] The use of a lower doses of E2 (1.0 mg compared with 2.0 mg) with different progestins (either MPA or dydrogesterone) is associated with less endometrial bleeding. [71][72][73][74] The major finding of these clinical reports is that lowering the dose of estrogen improves (reduces) the incidence of endometrial B/S in postmenopausal women using ccEPT.…”

Section: Endometrial Bleedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Doses of Oral Estrogen and Progestogens as Treatment for Postmenopausal Women

Archer¹

2005

Semin Reprod Med

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Estrogen, with or without a progestin, is effective for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Larger doses of estrogen/progestin have been used than required for the amelioration of menopausal symptoms. Both positive and negative outcomes of hormone therapy are reported in postmenopausal women. The positive aspects have been those associated with a reduction in menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, and improvement in vulvovaginal atrophy with maintenance of bone mineral density. The problems have included an increased risk of venous thrombosis and breast cancer. The anticipation is that as the dose of oral estrogen and progestins is lowered, the benefits can be maintained and the side effects reduced. Recent clinical trials have found that lower doses of estrogen and/or progestin reduce or improve menopausal symptoms and maintain bone mineral density. The impact of lower doses of hormones on heart disease, and venous thromboembolism and stroke remain to be determined in future studies.

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Comparison of continuous and sequential oestrogen-progestogen treatment in women with climacteric symptoms

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

A double‐blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms

A double‐blind, randomised trial comparing the effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms

In Vitro Anti-Osteoporosis Properties of Diverse Korean Drynariae rhizoma Phenolic Extracts

Lower Doses of Oral Estrogen and Progestogens as Treatment for Postmenopausal Women

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