Comparison of components profile in herbal raw material, extract and pharmaceuticals of Hedera Helix

Abstract

The aim. To investigate both the profile of components and possible difference among herbal raw materials, semi-products and pharmaceuticals of Hedera helix for determination of main standartisation markers. Materials and methods. Investigation of components profile has been performed using the Shimadzu Nexera X2 chromatographic system coupled with a diode-area detector. The ACE C 18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm with particle size 5 m) was used for the separation of components. 0.1 % acetic acid and acetonitrile were used as mobile phase A and B, respectively. Studies have been performed on the leaves, dry extract and capsules of H. helix. Results. The determined profile had no significant variation among samples. It has been presented by 19 various components, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids and triterpene saponins. However, kaempferol, nicotiflorin and t-cinnamic acid were not found in the leaf raw material. Hederacoside C might be highlighted as the main marker of raw materials and products of H. helix due to its significant amount in comparison to other components. Its amount was in the range of 64,80 % up to 71,46 % of the total content of components. Moreover, according to some pharmacological studies, hederacoside C is responsible for pharmaceutical usage of H. helix pharmaceutics. Nevertheless, it is not recommended to standardize the plant-based medicines by one marker, since the pharmaceutical activity of such dosage forms is defined by synergism action of all constituents. Except for hederacoside C significant amounts in comparison to other components were found for chlorogenic acid and 4,5dicaffeoylquinic acid about 5 % and 3 % respectively. Though the latter was found in small concentrations in leaves (0,058 %). This sample had a much higher amount of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, but in the case of extract and capsules, its content was lower 1,55 % and 0,66 % respectively. Thus, chlorogenic acid has been chosen as a second marker due to its high concentration in all samples and some pharmaceutical activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions. It was found, that standartisation of H. helix products is preferably to perform with determination both hederacoside C and chlorogenic acid. These components were dominant among all components; besides they possess a wide range of pharmaceutical effects. Hence, quantification of hederacoside C and chlorogenic acid is necessary to ensure the high quality of H. helix pharmaceuticals.

Localisation of active substances in Hedera helix leaves and Linaria vulgaris shoots used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry

“…The fluorescence and histochemical tests confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids) in the cells and secretory ducts of H. helix petioles and in the tissues and the secretory trichomes of L. vulgaris stems. As suggested by Wichtl [2004] and Bezruk et al [2020b], quercetin and kaempferol, i.e. substances responsible for the anti-arthritic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity, are the essential flavonoids of H. helix extracts [Pop et al 2017, Shokry et al 2022.…”

“…Leaves of its creeping shoots have been used as a pharmaceutical and cosmetic raw material since ancient Greece [Bezruk et al 2020a]. Raw Hederae Folium is extremely rich in triterpene saponins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, polyacetylenes, essential oil, sterols, sesquiterpenes, and coumarins [Lutsenko et al 2010, Bezruk et al 2020b, Rehman et al 2022, Shokry et al 2022] and contains some amounts of emetine alkaloids [Alkattan et al 2021].…”