Comparison of Coagulation Profile in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Good Glycaemic Control and Poor Glycaemic Control

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a global health problem, characterised by high levels of glucose in blood with impairment of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Patients with DM have a high risk of developing atherothrombotic events. This leads to initiation and progression of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Aim: To compare the coagulation profile parameters in patients with Type 2 DM with good glycaemic control (Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) <7) and poor glycaemic control (HbA1c ≥7) and to evaluate the association of coagulation profile and glycaemic control in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of Southern India on 84 patients among which 42 were Type 2 Diabetics with good glycaemic control and 42 were Type 2 Diabetics with poor glycaemic control. Blood samples were collected from the individuals chosen for the study and analysed for coagulation profile including Bleeding Time, Platelet Count, Prothrombin Time (PT), activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), fibrinogen and d-Dimer. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired student’s t-test using SPSS 21.0. Results: In the present study, it was observed that Bleeding Time, aPTT and fibrinogen concentration were increased (statistically significant, p<0.05) in Type 2 Diabetics with poor glycaemic control when compared with Type 2 Diabetics with good glycaemic control. No significant changes were noted in Platelet Count, PT and d-Dimer among the two study groups. Conclusion: The alteration in coagulation profile of Type 2 Diabetic people has shown that hyperglycaemia leads to abnormalities in the coagulation and Type 2 Diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control are at high risk for developing atherothrombotic and haemorrhagic events. So, evaluation of coagulation profile in diabetic patients may help the clinicians in early intervention to prevent the initiation of microvascular and macrovascular disease at the earliest.