Comparison of cholinesterase activity, residue levels, and urinary metabolite excretion of rats exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Bradway, Diane E.; Shafik, Talaat M.; Lores, Emile M.

doi:10.1021/jf60214a007

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Assessing OP exposure is challenging because of their fast clearance from the body, with complete excretion in the urine within 3–6 days (Bradway et al 1977). We observed that prenatal exposure indicated by the average of two DAP metabolite measures taken during pregnancy was associated with markedly poorer cognitive performances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Bouchard

Chevrier

Harley

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

565

427

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Context: Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are neurotoxic at high doses. Few studies have examined whether chronic exposure at lower levels could adversely affect children’s cognitive development.Objective: We examined associations between prenatal and postnatal exposure to OP pesticides and cognitive abilities in school-age children.Methods: We conducted a birth cohort study (Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study) among predominantly Latino farmworker families from an agricultural community in California. We assessed exposure to OP pesticides by measuring dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites in urine collected during pregnancy and from children at 6 months and 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 years of age. We administered the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition, to 329 children 7 years of age. Analyses were adjusted for maternal education and intelligence, Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score, and language of cognitive assessment.Results: Urinary DAP concentrations measured during the first and second half of pregnancy had similar relations to cognitive scores, so we used the average of concentrations measured during pregnancy in further analyses. Averaged maternal DAP concentrations were associated with poorer scores for Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, and Full-Scale intelligence quotient (IQ). Children in the highest quintile of maternal DAP concentrations had an average deficit of 7.0 IQ points compared with those in the lowest quintile. However, children’s urinary DAP concentrations were not consistently associated with cognitive scores.Conclusions: Prenatal but not postnatal urinary DAP concentrations were associated with poorer intellectual development in 7-year-old children. Maternal urinary DAP concentrations in the present study were higher but nonetheless within the range of levels measured in the general U.S. population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Bouchard

Chevrier

Harley

et al. 2011

Environ Health Perspect

565

427

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A US population‐based study also showed that more than 90% of children have detectable urinary residues of DAPs (Schettler, ). Given the 24–27 h half‐life and 3–6 days for complete excretion of DAP metabolites from the body, the high detection rate of DAPs indicates that children are continuously exposed to OP pesticides (Bradway et al ., ; Huen et al ., ). Children may receive greater exposure than adults because they eat, drink, and breathe more per unit of body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticide in Taiwanese children

Yu¹,

Chiou

et al. 2016

Andrology

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SUMMARYAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is male predominated, and the etiology of this disorder remains unclear. Past studies have assessed the association of low-level organophosphate pesticide exposure with childhood ADHD cross-sectionally and prospectively. However, the results have been inconsistent. A first case-control study was performed to investigate the relationship between organophosphate pesticide exposure and ADHD with adjusted covariates. We recruited 97 doctor-diagnosed ADHD cases and 110 non-ADHD controls who were 4-15 years of age. Exposure was assessed using urinary levels of dialkylphosphate metabolites, which are biomarkers of OP pesticide exposure. Blood lead levels and polymorphisms of two commonly verified dopaminergicrelated genes (the D4 dopamine receptor gene DRD4 and the dopamine transporter gene DAT1) were also analyzed. The sociodemographics and lifestyles of the children and of the mothers during pregnancy were collected using a questionnaire. The blood lead levels of both groups were similar (1.57 AE 0.73 vs. 1.73 AE 0.77 lg/dL, p = 0.15). Significant urinary concentration differences in one of the six dialkylphosphate metabolites, dimethylphosphate (DMP), were found between ADHD and control subjects (322.92 AE 315.68 vs. 224.37 AE 156.58 nmol/g cr., p < 0.01). A dose-response relationship was found between urinary concentrations of DMP and ADHD in both crude and adjusted analyses (p for trend<0.05). Children with higher urinary DMP concentrations may have a twofold to threefold increased risk of being diagnosed with ADHD. We report a dose-response relationship between child DMP levels and ADHD. Organophosphate pesticide exposure may have deleterious effects on children's neurodevelopment, particularly the development of ADHD.

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“…For OPs coming from the diet, the measure of OP metabolites in a single urine sample may reflect average exposure levels reasonably well, to the extent that diet is consistent. Given that OPs are eliminated from the body after 3–6 days, 28 the detection of DAPs in the urine of most children indicates continuing exposure. An additional consideration is that urinary DAP levels might reflect not only exposure to OPs, but also direct exposure to DAPs present in the environment resulting from degradation of OPs by hydrolysis or photolysis.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides

Bellinger²,

et al. 2010

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Context Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is common, and although these compounds have known neurotoxic properties, few studies examined risks for children in the general population. Objective To examine the association between the concentrations of urinary dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OPs and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children age 8 to 15 years. Participants and Methods Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2000–2004) were available for 1,139 children representative of the general U.S. population. A structured interview with a parent was used to ascertain ADHD diagnostic status, based on slightly modified criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV. Results One hundred nineteen children met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. Children with higher concentrations of urinary DAPs, especially dimethyl alkylphosphates (DMAP), were more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD. A 10-fold increase in DMAP concentration was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.55 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.14–2.10), after adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, poverty-income ratio, fasting duration, and urinary creatinine concentration. For the most commonly detected DMAP metabolite, dimethylthiophosphate, children with levels higher than the median of detectable concentrations had double the odds of ADHD (adjusted OR, 1.93 [95% CI, 1.23–3.02]) compared with those with non-detectable levels. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that OP exposure, at levels common in U.S. children, may contribute to ADHD prevalence. Prospective studies are needed to establish whether this association is causal.

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Comparison of cholinesterase activity, residue levels, and urinary metabolite excretion of rats exposed to organophosphorus pesticides

Abstract: However, it would also appear that hydroxylation of the chlorophenyl ring as well as oxidation of the sulfur atom of T, as seen in the chicken and the rat, is required for rapid elimination of the drug from animals.

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Increased risk of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticide in Taiwanese children

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Urinary Metabolites of Organophosphate Pesticides

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