Comparison of Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Activities of Fruits, Leaves, Branches, and Flowers of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’

Abstract

Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' (CGT) is particularly cultivated in China and widely used in health foods. In this study, the chemical profiles of different parts of CGT were comprehensively compared by rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method. A total of 22 compounds were identified and two C-glucosyl flavones were found for the first time in CGT. Four main constituents (rhiofolin, naringin, meranzin hydrate, and isoimperatorin) in different parts of CGT were simultaneously determined. Overall, the contents of the four main compounds decreased with the ripening process. In parallel, the antioxidant activities of their extracts were also evaluated by three assays (2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazolinesulfonic acid) diammonium salt, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, ferric reducing antioxidant power), and the results indicated a similar tendency: small fruit > flower ∼ medium fruit > large fruit > leaf ∼ branch. The results obtained in the present work may provide useful information for future utilization of CGT.

Comparison of the bioactive chemical components and antioxidant activities in three tissues of six varieties of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’ fruits

“…The phytochemicals were extracted according to previously published literature. [8] In summary, 0.5 g of the sample was extracted in 25 mL of methanol by an ultrasonicator for 30 min at 100 Hz. After centrifugation, the supernatant was filtrated and stored at −20°C before analysis.…”

“…[5] In recent years, the bioactivities of CGT, such as its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, have also been discovered and investigated. [6][7][8][9] The exocarp of CGT is densely pubescent, which is a trait of ancient species. [10] The dense, short and firm trichomes on the surface of the fruits and leaves can reduce the chance of being infected by Candidatus Liberibacter, which causes the citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing), a fatal disease for the citrus industry.…”

“…[3,12,13] Additionally, two kinds of coumarins, meranzin hydrate and isoimperatorin, were also found in CGT fruits. [8] Naringin was identified as the major compound accounting for the antitussive and expectorant activities. [14,15] Recent studies have also noted that coumarins have multiple biological activities, such as antitumoral, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.…”

Chemical Profiling Using Uplc Q‐Tof/Ms and Antioxidant Activities of Fortunella Fruits

“…Actually, a lot of researches have been focused on the chemical constituents of Citrus species, especially the flavonoids (Duan and others ; Rodríguez‐Rivera and others ). For example, Zheng identified 41 chemical compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium utilizing rapid resolution liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) (Zheng and others ).…”

Mini Review on Antimicrobial Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Moringa oleifera

“…Moringa oleifera has traditionally been used in the treatment of malaria, parasitic diseases, skin diseases, hypertension and diabetes. It has been demonstrated that Moringa oleifera exhibits pharmacological properties such as antioxidant [8], anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties [2]. Leone et al have reviewed the cultivation, genetics, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Moringa oleifera [1], whereas the health benefits and medicinal use of Moringa oleifera has been reviewed by Abdull Razis et al [2] and Anwar et al [3].…”