Comparison of chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities between coffee flowers and leaves as potential novel foods

Abstract

This study aimed to compare chemical compositions, antioxidant activities, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of coffee flowers (ACF) and coffee leaves (ACL) with green coffee beans (ACGB) of Coffea Arabica L. The chemical compositions were determined by employing high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (HPLC–MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) techniques. Antioxidant effects of the components were evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities were also evaluated. The coffee sample extracts contained a total of 214 components identified by HPLC‐MS and belonged to 12 classes (such as nucleotides and amino acids and their derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, benzene, phenylpropanoids, and lipids.), where phenylpropanoids were the dominant component (>30%). The contents of flavonoids, alkaloids, saccharides, and carboxylic acid and its derivatives in ACF and ACL varied significantly ( p < .05) compared to similar components in ACGB. Meanwhile, 30 differentially changed chemical compositions (variable importance in projection [VIP] > 1, p < .01 and fold change [FC] > 4, or <0.25), that determine the difference in characteristics, were confirmed in the three coffee samples. Furthermore, among 25 volatile chemical components identified by GC–MS, caffeine, n‐hexadecanoic acid, 2,2′‐methylenebis[6‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐4‐methyl‐phenol], and quinic acid were common in these samples with caffeine being the highest in percentage. In addition, ACL showed the significantly highest ( p < .05) DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC 50 value of 0.491 ± 0.148 mg/ml, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with inhibition ratio 25.18 ± 2.96%, whereas ACF showed the significantly highest ( p < .05) ABTS radical scavenging activity with 36.413 ± 1.523 mmol trolox/g Ex. The results suggested that ACL and ACF had potential values as novel foods in the future.

Interaction and Metabolic Function of Microbiota during the Washed Processing of Coffea arabica

“…Coffee contains a variety of chemical compounds, including nucleotides and derivatives, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, benzene and derivatives, phenylpropanoids, amino acid and derivatives, lipids, heterocyclic compounds, carboxylic acids and derivatives, saccharides, and others [ 19 ]. Members of these compounds have bioactive functions for health.…”

Isolation of phenolic compounds from eco‐friendly white bee propolis: Antioxidant, wound‐healing, and anti‐Alzheimer effects

“…Secondary metabolites reveal many biological activities (Boulechfar et al., 2022 ; Elmastas et al., 2018 ). A large number of drugs contain natural products as the main active ingredients due to their bioactive compounds, and the isolation and identification of the corresponding compounds have attracted great attention recently (Koldaş et al., 2015 ; Shen et al., 2023 ). Propolis contains high polyphenolic compounds and is used to treat various disorders.…”

Chemical compositions and biological activities of Serevenia buxifolia essential oil leaves cultivated in Vietnam (Thua Thien Hue)

“…Hence, there is growing interest in their replacement with natural products (Hayet et al, 2017). One such possibility may be the use of herbal and botanical products like essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts exhibiting desired biological activities (Brah et al, 2023; Li et al, 2022; Manzur et al, 2023; Shen et al, 2022). For example, the potent antibacterial (Cazella et al, 2019; Ghavam et al, 2020; Man et al, 2019), antifungal (Gakuubi et al, 2017; Nazzaro et al, 2017), insecticidal (Kweka et al, 2011; Owolabi et al, 2014), acaricidal (Djebir et al, 2019), cytotoxic (Khang et al, 2020; Russo et al, 2015), antioxidant (Cardoso‐Ugarte & Sosa‐Morales, 2021; Torres‐Martínez et al, 2018), and antidiabetic (Siahbalaei et al, 2020) properties of EOs have been investigated.…”