Comparison of Chemical Composition and Bioactivities of Essential Oils from Fresh and Dry Rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith

Abstract

The chemical constituents and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of fresh rhizome essential oil (FR-EO) and dry rhizome essential oil (DR-EO) of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith obtained from Southwest China were compared. Zerumbone was the predominant component in both FR-EO and DR-EO (75.0% and 41.9%, respectively). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone were all demonstrated to have significant antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 31.25 to 156.25 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 62.50 to 625.00 μg/mL. Zerumbone showed the strongest antimicrobial potential against all tested microorganisms compared with the fresh and dry rhizome essential oils. FR-EO was found to be more active than DR-EO against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all showed significant cytotoxic activity against K562, PC-3, and A549 human tumor cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Zerumbone exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against all tested human tumor cell lines with an IC50 of 4.21–11.09 μg/mL for 72 h incubation, as compared with the fresh and dry rhizome oils. The cytotoxic activity of FR-EO (IC50: 10.48–14.51 μg/mL for 72 h) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of DR-EO (IC50: 13.83–33.24 μg/mL for 72 h). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone exhibited selective cytotoxic activity to tumor cells, with a significantly low cytotoxicity to normal cells (MRC-5, IC50: 56.98–147.29 μg/mL). However, FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all exhibited weak free-radical-scavenging activity according to DPPH and ABTS analysis. The findings highlighted in this study show that FR-EO provides appreciably higher content of the bioactive compound, zerumbone, and has higher antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties than DR-EO. Thus, fresh Z. zerumbet rhizome should be preferred in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications.

Zingiber zerumbet L. essential oil‐based chitosan nanoemulsion as an efficient green preservative against fungi and aflatoxin B1 contamination

“…The result of this study was found far better than the previous reports of Tian et al. (2020) and Padalia et al. (2018), whereby they demonstrated the antimicrobial capacity of Z. zerumbet EO collected from Guangxi Province (China) against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Proteus vulgaris with MIC ranging from 78.13 to 156.25 µg/mL and antagonistic activity of Z. zerumbet EO isolated from rhizome collected from Pantnagar (India) against Staphylococcus aureus‐96, Streptococcus mutans , and E. coli with MIC ranging from 52.0 to 208.0 µg/mL, respectively.…”

“…Such variability in chemical composition of a same EO might be due to differences in physiological adaptations, geographical conditions, harvesting time, plant parts used, and method of extraction (Deepika, Singh et al., 2020). The efficacy of ZEO was reported by many authors (Padalia et al., 2018; Tian et al., 2020); however, their poor solubility and instability against environmental causes may limit its long‐term application in food system (Beyki et al., 2014). A number of published studies reported that the nanoencapsulation in form of nanoemulsion is an effective approach to overcome these limitations (Chang, McLandsborough & McClements, 2015; Shishir, Xie, Sun, Zheng, & Chen, 2018).…”

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Hedychium flavum Rhizome

“…The cytotoxic effect was assayed according to our previously published MTT method ( Tian et al., 2020 ) against murine fibroblast cell line (L929) and five human cell lines: fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5), lung adenocarcinoma (A549), and non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H1299), prostatic carcinoma (PC-3), and leukemic (K562) cell lines. EO solution (0.1% DMSO), WE, and EE distilled water solution were two-fold serially diluted with medium.…”

In-vitro Assessment of Essential Oils as Anticancer Therapeutic Agents: A Systematic Literature Review

“…IC50 (24h) of Lavandula stoechas against different cell lines were reported as MV3 0.01, MDA-MB231 0.25, and AGS 0.03 µg/mL 69 . Also, IC50 of Pinus eldarica with an exposure time of 48h against HeLa is 0.03 µg/mL 65 .…”

“…For instance, in Tables 3-7, some EOs with excellent anticancer activities (IC50: < 1 µg/mL) against at least a cancer cell are observable. They include Pinus eldarica 65 , Pallenis spinosa 66 , Pallines spinosa 67 , Foeniculum vulgare 76 , Oliveria decumbens 68 151 . Mentioned EOs appear to be good candidates, and their anticancer activity should be evaluated against commercial drugs.…”