Comparison of Cannabinoid Concentrations in Plasma, Oral Fluid and Urine in Occasional Cannabis Smokers After Smoking Cannabis Cigarette

Marsot, Amélie; Audebert, Christine; Attolini, Laurence; Lacarelle, Bruno; Micallef, Joëlle; Blin, Olivier

doi:10.18433/j3f31d

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Unfortunately, no parallel tests or devices exist for cannabis. Cannabis metabolites can be detected in blood, blood plasma, oral fluid, and urine ( Lee et al , 2013 ; Marsot et al , 2016 ), although the presence of such metabolites does not necessarily indicate the likelihood of acute intoxication, as BAC does. An accurate ‘breathalyzer’ test for cannabis that could be used on a widespread basis has not yet been developed.…”

Section: Adverse Health and Psychosocial Problems Associated With Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

Hasin

2017

Neuropsychopharmacol.

474

330

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This review provides an overview of the changing US epidemiology of cannabis use and associated problems. Adults and adolescents increasingly view cannabis as harmless, and some can use cannabis without harm. However, potential problems include harms from prenatal exposure and unintentional childhood exposure; decline in educational or occupational functioning after early adolescent use, and in adulthood, impaired driving and vehicle crashes; cannabis use disorders (CUD), cannabis withdrawal, and psychiatric comorbidity. Evidence suggests national increases in cannabis potency, prenatal and unintentional childhood exposure; and in adults, increased use, CUD, cannabis-related emergency room visits, and fatal vehicle crashes. Twenty-nine states have medical marijuana laws (MMLs) and of these, 8 have recreational marijuana laws (RMLs). Many studies indicate that MMLs or their specific provisions did not increase adolescent cannabis use. However, the more limited literature suggests that MMLs have led to increased cannabis potency, unintentional childhood exposures, adult cannabis use, and adult CUD. Ecological-level studies suggest that MMLs have led to substitution of cannabis for opioids, and also possibly for psychiatric medications. Much remains to be determined about cannabis trends and the role of MMLs and RMLs in these trends. The public, health professionals, and policy makers would benefit from education about the risks of cannabis use, the increases in such risks, and the role of marijuana laws in these increases.

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Section: Adverse Health and Psychosocial Problems Associated With Canmentioning

confidence: 99%

US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

Hasin

2017

Neuropsychopharmacol.

474

330

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In a study in occasional users who smoked a cannabis cigarette with 4% THC (20 mg dose) with tobacco, the average C max was 25.8 ± 42.9 μg/L with an average time to maximum concentration of 0.2 hrs. (Marsot et al, 2016). The range of individual peak concentrations (1.6–160 μg/L) emphasizes the large inter-individual variability in THC exposures.…”

Section: Pharmacokinetics Of Thc In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development

Grant

Petroff

Isoherranen

et al. 2018

Pharmacology & Therapeutics

188

159

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The broad-based legalization of cannabis use has created a strong need to understand its impact on human health and behavior. The risks that may be associated with cannabis use, particularly for sensitive subgroups such as pregnant women, are difficult to define because of a paucity of dose-response data and the recent increase in cannabis potency. Although there is a large body of evidence detailing the mode of action of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in adults, little work has focused on understanding how cannabis use during pregnancy may impact the development of the fetal nervous system and whether additional plant-derived cannabinoids might participate. This manuscript presents an overview of the historical and contemporary literature focused on the mode of action of THC in the developing brain, comparative pharmacokinetics in both pregnant and nonpregnant model systems and neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed offspring. Despite growing public health significance, pharmacokinetic studies of THC have focused on nonpregnant adult subjects and there are few published reports on disposition parameters during pregnancy. Data from preclinical species show that THC readily crosses the placenta although fetal exposures appear lower than maternal exposures. The neurodevelopmental data in human and preclinical species suggest that prenatal exposure to THC may lead to subtle, persistent changes in targeted aspects of higher-level cognition and psychological well-being. There is an urgent need for well-controlled studies in humans and preclinical models on THC as a developmental neurotoxicant. Until more information is available, pregnant women should not assume that using cannabis during pregnancy is safe.

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“…A training set of in-vivo pharmacokinetic data from 14 inhaled compounds (isolated compounds or compounds present within their native plant-material matrix) was used to develop regression equations for T max and T ½ . In-vivo pharmacokinetic data was sourced from the following publications: Cass et al, 21 Cone, 22 Drollmann et al, 23 Jāger et al, 24 Kirby et al, 25 Lecaillon et al, 26 Marsot et al, 27 Neale et al, 28 Richards et al, 29 Rix et al, 30 Schneider et al, 31 Skoner 32 Spyker et al, 33 Thorsson et al, 34 Usmani et al, 35 and Vaisman et al 36 Physicochemical data for training compounds was collected from the online property calculation toolkit, Molinspiration (http://www.molinspiration.com). Physicochemical measures utilised included molecular weight (MW), lipophilicity descriptor (log P), topological polar surface area (TPSA), number of freely rotatable bonds (nrot) and molecular volume (Vol).…”

Section: Inhalation Absorption Prediction (Iap) Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhalation Absorption Prediction (IAP) Model for Predicting Medicinal Cannabis Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics

Wise¹,

Gill²,

Selby‐Pham³

2019

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Introduction: The medicinal benefits from inhalation of Cannabis sativa phytochemicals have been extensively reported. Whilst in-silico models are available for prediction of phytochemical pharmacokinetics post-ingestion, no models are available to accurately predict inhalation pharmacokinetics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the relationship between phytochemical physicochemical properties and inhalation pharmacokinetics and to develop an in-silico model for predicting the time of maximal compound concentration in plasma (T max) and compound elimination half-life (T ½), following inhalation. Methods: A training set of compound pharmacokinetic data was collated from previous publications and compared to physicochemical parameters using regression analyses. Physicochemical parameters that correlated with T max and T ½ were combined to develop a statistical model, which constructs functional fingerprints predicting compound concentrations in plasma post inhalation. Predicted functional fingerprints for three cannabis bioactive compounds were constructed and biomatched against previously reported physiological effects. Results: Inhalation T max was predicted (r 2 = 0.84) by compound volume (Vol), topological surface area (TPSA) and molecular weight (MW), whilst T ½ was predicted (r 2 = 0.87) by molecular weight, volume and number of rotatable bonds (nrot). The resulting inhalation absorption prediction (IAP) model was achieved by combining T max and T ½ predictions. The IAP model was applied to cannabis metabolites which accurately predicted decay functions in-vivo and biomatching with associated physiological effects. Conclusion: The IAP model was applied successfully to cannabis phytochemicals to explore the pharmacokinetics underpinning their medicinal effects. This study demonstrates the utility of the IAP model and highlights its applicability during the investigation of medicinal plants and their modes of action.

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Comparison of Cannabinoid Concentrations in Plasma, Oral Fluid and Urine in Occasional Cannabis Smokers After Smoking Cannabis Cigarette

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

US Epidemiology of Cannabis Use and Associated Problems

Cannabis use during pregnancy: Pharmacokinetics and effects on child development

Inhalation Absorption Prediction (IAP) Model for Predicting Medicinal Cannabis Phytochemical Pharmacokinetics

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