Comparison of calves' rearing parameters in two different housing systems: indoor versus outdoor hutches

Wójcik, Agata; Nalecz-Tarwacka, T.; Gołębiewski, M.

doi:10.7482/0003-9438-56-063

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…It was observed in this study that calves housed separately were less diseased than calves housed aggregately. Similar report was documented by Pereira et al (2014), Wójcik et al (2013) and Cuttance et al (2017) as group/aggregate housing of pre-weaning calves had positive correlation with the prevalence of calve disease because in group housing system the number of infectious pathogens responsible for the occurrence of the disease were very high. However, Klein-Jöbstl et al (2014) disagree with this study result and stated that grouping/ aggregating large number of calves together was not significantly associated with the appearance of diarrhea on the farm but the number of the calves in the group had significant role in the disease occurrence and transmission among the group members.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Study on the causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹,

Getachew²,

Tadele³

et al. 2020

J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med.

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A cross-sectional and longitudinal observational study with the objectives to identify calf management and husbandry practices and to investigate the major causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors was conducted in South Omo Zone from 2015 to 2016. A total of 85 calf owners were interviewed and 255 calves of those farmers were longitudinally followed for six months from the very first day of their birth. Accordingly, retained placenta 17/85 (20%), narrow pelvic outlet 17/85 (17.6%) and prolonged labour 8/85 (9.4%) were ranked as maternal-related calving problems whereas, ‘navel ill’ 34/85 (40.0%), dead birth 9/85 (10.6%), oversized calve 16/85 (18.8%) and abnormal presentation 9/85 (10.6%) were identified as calf-related problems. The traditional healers 31/85 (36.47%) and veterinarians 24/85 (28.23%) were dominant calving assistants in the study areas. Moreover, bloody diarrhea 24/85 (28.2%), ectoparasites 10/85 (11.8%), pneumonia 7/85 (8.2%) and constipation 3/85 (3.5%) were categorized as the major health problems that frequently affected the calves. From the calves longitudinally followed, 85 calves (33.3%) were encountered different health problems which resulted in calf morbidity and mortality. Identified health problems were not significantly associated (p>0.05) with study sites, sex and breed of calves. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, six variables (calf housing system, dam vaccination history, colostrum feeding frequency, calf house clearing frequency, parity of the dam and calf delivery problem) were significantly associated (p<0.05) with calf morbidity. However, none of the variables was significantly associated with calf mortality. Through six months follow-up, 4.41% crude calf mortality rate was recorded. Sudden death with unknown cause, bloody diarrhea, pneumonia, “evil eye” and physical damages were responsible for 36.36, 18.18, 18.18, 9.09 and 18.18% case fatality and responsible for 1.60, 0.80, 0.80, 0.40 and 0.80% crude mortality respectively. The crude mortality varies among sex; 3.13 and 6.67% respectively in male and female calves. Similarly, it was relatively higher in calves under one week of age (5.73%) and decreasing as the calf’s age increased. It can be concluded that improving herd management and husbandry practices which negatively affecting calf health could minimize calf morbidity and mortality. Moreover, improving the whole herd health system and awareness creation to calve owners to improve the dynamism of their future replacement calve is very important in this area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Study on the causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Tesfaye¹,

Getachew²,

Tadele³

et al. 2020

J. Anim. Sci. Vet. Med.

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“…Calves reared in groups showed higher final live weight than calves reared individually (255 vs. 249 kg, P≤0.05) due to the higher daily weight gain (P<0.001) during the second period (Xiccato et al, 2002). Results of Wójcik, et al (2013) revealed that during the first month, the calves from both groups achieved the same daily gains. However, older calves kept in-door were characterized by better daily gains, feed intake and as a result, body weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Influence of Different Managerial Systems on Performance and Physiological Responses of Developing Buffalo Calves During Fattening Period

Abdallah

Elaref

Zanouny

2015

Egyptian Journal of Animal Production

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Sixteen yearling male buffalo calves weighing 160 kg were assigned to 2x2 factorial designs. Each four calf group was subjected to either long (16L:8D) or short (8L:16D) photoperiods and housed in individual or group system. The four groups were fed CFM and wheat straw. Feed intake and residual were recorded daily. Samples of feces and food ration were collected for analysis. Digestion coefficients, nutritive values and feed efficiency were calculated. Animals were weighed biweekly. Blood samples were collected monthly to determine total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT/GPT, AST/GOT and total cholesterol. Housing systems did not have any significant effects on calf body weight and growth rate while; photoperiod had significant effect (P≤0.01) on them. Housing systems did not have any significant effects on the digestion coefficients and nutritive values, while, photoperiod systems had highly significant (P≤0.01) effect on digestibility coefficients and nutritive values of buffalo calves. Calves exposed to long photoperiod (16L:8D) and housed in group pens were more efficient in converting feed to gain than calves exposed to short photoperiod (8L:16D) and housed in individual pens. Total protein (P≤0.05), albumin (P≤0.01) and ALT/GPT (P≤0.05) was significantly affected by the housing system. All blood parameters were not significantly affected except cholesterol level was significantly (P≤0.01) affected by photoperiod. The interaction between housing systems and photoperiods did not have any significant differences on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency or metabolic response. It could be concluded that rearing buffalo calves individually with increasing illumination period to 16 hours/ day may improve feed efficiency and growth performance without compromising the physiological status of the calves during the fattening period.

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The impact of environmental factors on bovine respiratory disease complex in dairy calves - a review

et al. 2023

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Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a multifactorial disease in which, in addition to infectious agents and the individual resistance of animals, technological, management and climatic factors also play a role. Outdoor rearing in small groups has many advantages in terms of BRDC prevention. Continuous real-time monitoring of environmental factors, such as the temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, bioaerosols and harmful gases can also help to prevent damage by BRDC. Low temperatures in combination with elevated relative humidity and windspeed can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Among noxious gases, ammonia may be of the greatest importance for respiratory diseases, as it directly damages the respiratory tract, leaving room and opening gate for pathogenic and opportunistic microbes. Bioaerosols of livestock buildings consist of feed, manure, organic matter from animals (e.g., epithelial cells, hair, urine, faeces), microorganisms, and toxins. Due to their size, particulate matter (PM) particles (PM10 and PM2.5) have important health effects, leading to severe respiratory and systemic diseases. Particulate matter formation and concentration depend on the housing and feeding conditions, species housed, stocking density, animal activity and environmental factors, but also on the sampling periods within a day. High temperature, low humidity, air movement (especially drafts), and increased activity of animals also cause the manure to dry, leading to dust formation and particles becoming airborne. With increased environmental control, the effects of the climatic factors on the calves health can be more easily identified, measures can be taken to reduce them, thus the occurrence and damage of possible diseases (mainly respiratory, BRDC) can be decreased.

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Comparison of calves' rearing parameters in two different housing systems: indoor versus outdoor hutches

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Study on the causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Study on the causes of calf morbidity and mortality and its associated risk factors in South Omo Zone, South-Western Ethiopia

Influence of Different Managerial Systems on Performance and Physiological Responses of Developing Buffalo Calves During Fattening Period

The impact of environmental factors on bovine respiratory disease complex in dairy calves - a review

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