Comparison of Bupivacaine, Ropivacaine, and Levobupivacaine in an Equal Dose and Concentration for Sympathetic Block in Dogs

Abstract

Ropivacaine may induce a greater increase in vasodilation than bupivacaine and levobupivacaine at the same dose and concentration for sympathetic block in dogs.

Opioid‐free anaesthesia for surgical attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt in a dog

“…However, some studies indicate that they have similar or less analgesic strength than bupivacaine, and in this case the aid of an ultrasound rendered the risk of unintended systemic administration minimal. 21,26 Intraoperatively, the adequacy of the administered analgesia was monitored using a PTA monitor and haemodynamic reactivity parameters. The PTA monitor is used to detect intraoperative nociception in dogs earlier and with greater sensitivity than non-specific haemodynamic reactivity parameters, such as tachycardia, increases in blood pressure or changes in respiratory pattern.…”

Use of a perfusion index to confirm the presence of sciatic nerve blockade in dogs

“…The dose of bupivacaine chosen for this study was greater than the dose necessary to cause sympathetic block in dogs following a stellate ganglion anesthesia and the dose of bupivacaine utilized in other published studies evaluating F+S nerve blocks in dogs (Hashimoto et al. ; Campoy et al. ; Caniglia et al.…”

“…The dose of bupivacaine chosen for this study was greater than the dose necessary to cause sympathetic block in dogs following a stellate ganglion anesthesia and the dose of bupivacaine utilized in other published studies evaluating F+S nerve blocks in dogs (Hashimoto et al 2010;Campoy et al 2012;Caniglia et al 2012). This higher dose was chosen in order to ensure an adequate volume of injectate using a higher concentration of bupivacaine (0.75%) and also to prolong the duration of sensory blockade.…”

“…This rise in the PI has also been shown to correlate with a loss of sensory function in humans receiving a brachial plexus blockade (Galvin et al 2006b;Kus et al 2013). Bupivacaine is a long-acting aminoamide local anesthetic that causes an increase in blood flow to the thoracic limbs in dogs following cranial sympathetic blockade (Hashimoto et al 2010).…”

“…Bupivacaine is a long‐acting amino‐amide local anesthetic that causes an increase in blood flow to the thoracic limbs in dogs following cranial sympathetic blockade (Hashimoto et al. ).…”