Comparison of broiler flock daily water consumption and water-to-feed ratios for flocks grown in 1991, 2000–2001, and 2010–2011

Williams, C. L.; Tabler, G. T.; Watkins, S. E.

doi:10.3382/japr.2013-00767

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Water intake measured in this way inherently includes normal drinking spillage. Williams et al (2013) demonstrated that for days 7-42 of a grow-out, daily water:feed ratio (wfr daily , which is the amount of water used in drinking lines on a particular day divided by the mass of feed consumed on that day) reduced from 2.53 on day 10 to 1.73-1.83 after day 25 for 2010-2011 Cobb™ strain commercial flocks (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2)), using a multiplier m (Eq. (3)) based on data by Williams et al (2013). This allows an appropriate grow-out water:feed ratio to be selected in anticipation of changes to growing conditions.…”

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…d is the day of the grow-out (days) m is the multiplier applied the grow-out water:feed ratio to calculate the daily water:feed ratio that was derived from data in Williams et al (2013). The amount of water consumed daily by each bird was calculated using readily available daily feed consumption per bird data for commercial breeds (Eq.…”

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Williams et al (2013) measured water usage in commercial broiler sheds using nipple drinker systems (combination of Lubing Systems, Cleveland, TN; and Cumberland Poultry Systems, Assumption, IL). Water intake measured in this way inherently includes normal drinking spillage.…”

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water addition, evaporation and water holding capacity of poultry litter

Dunlop

Blackall

Stuetz³

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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• Water added daily to litter by meat chickens was estimated using an equation Litter moisture content has been related to ammonia, dust and odour emissions as well as bird health and welfare. Improved understanding of the water holding properties of poultry litter as well as water additions to litter and evaporation from litter will contribute to improved litter moisture management during the meat chicken grow-out. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how management and environmental conditions over the course of a grow-out affect the volume of water A) applied to litter, B) able to be stored in litter, and C) evaporated from litter on a daily basis. The same unit of measurement has been used to enable direct comparison-litres of water per square metre of poultry shed floor area, L/m 2 , assuming a litter depth of 5 cm. An equation was developed to estimate the amount of water added to litter from bird excretion and drinking spillage, which are sources of regular water application to the litter. Using this equation showed that water applied to litter from these sources changes over the course of a grow-out, and can be as much as 3.2 L/m 2 /day. Over a 56 day growout, the total quantity of water added to the litter was estimated to be 104 L/m 2 . Litter porosity, water holding capacity and water evaporation rates from litter were measured experimentally. Litter porosity decreased and water holding capacity increased over the course of a grow-out due to manure addition. Water evaporation rates at 25°C and 50% relative humidity ranged from 0.5 to 10 L/m 2 /day. Evaporation rates increased with litter moisture content and air speed. Maintaining dry litter at the peak of a grow-out is likely to be challenging because evaporation rates from dry litter may be insufficient to remove the quantity of water added to the litter on a daily basis.Crown

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Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimating Daily Water Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water addition, evaporation and water holding capacity of poultry litter

Dunlop

Blackall

Stuetz³

2015

Science of The Total Environment

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“…In our own studies, positive effects on BW and FCR were obtained in the second (day 22–42) and entire (day 1–42) periods of using LEO. This is important because feed costs for broilers make up about 70% of total production (Williams, Tabler, & Watkins, ). Similarly, Mathlouthi et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia) and its influence on the production performance of broiler chickens

Adaszyńska-Skwirzyńska

Szczerbińska

2018

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity (in vitro) of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) essential oil (LEO) and the effect of its addition to the drinking water of broiler chickens on their production performance. Antimicrobial activity was determined by establishing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a series of microdilutions. Bird experiments were carried out on a commercial farm on 300 Ross 308 broilers. One-day-old chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups of 100 individuals (five replications of 20 individuals each). In the control group, chickens received drinking water without added essential oil throughout the rearing period. In the LEO and LEO groups, from 1 to 42 days of bird life, the LEO group had 0.2 ml/L of essential lavender oil added to the drinking water, while LEO had 0.4 ml/L added. The results of the experiment showed the antimicrobial activity of LEO and its positive effect on the production results of broiler chickens. Application of higher concentration of essential oil (0.4 ml/L) significantly affected production results (BW, FCR, WCR-p < .01). No differences were observed in FI, WI, F:W and mortality (p > .05). In vitro studies indicate a significant effect of LEO on the inhibition of microbial growth. These results encourage further studies on a larger scale that will confirm antimicrobial efficiency and define the mechanisms of action of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil and its individual components.

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