Comparison of breathing patterns, pressure, volume, and flow characteristics of three breathing techniques to encourage lung inflation in healthy older people

Abstract

Substantial lung inflation could be achieved with any of the above-mentioned methods, although Vt was smaller with TF and the high inspiratory flow with this method may not inflate the lower lung. The high pressures and rapid breathing with TF could increase the sense of effort. Trials are needed to determine the clinical value of the different breathing exercises.

The Impact of Early Pulmonary Rehabilitation on Dyspnea, Quality of Life, and Symptoms in Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients

“…A significant improvement in the TDI score was observed between the 4 th and 12 th weeks (p < 0.001). The TDI score at the 4 th week also showed a significant difference (p < 0.001) according to a 1-sample test (with MCID set at 1, as per Ubolsakka-Jones et al [12]). The median (IQR) of mMRC score was 2 (1.25, 3) at baseline, 1 (1, 2) at the 4 th week, and 1 (0, 1) at the 12 th week.…”

“…For patients requiring oxygen supplementation, the mean TDI scores at the 4 th and 12 th week were 4 ± 2.18 and 6 ± 1.66, respectively. A significant improvement was observed through the 1-sample t-test at the 4 th week for the TDI score (p < 0.001) (with MCID set at 1 according to Ubolsakka-Jones et al [12]). Similarly, a significant improvement in the TDI score for oxygenation therapy patients was noted between the 4 th and 12 th weeks (p = 0.012).…”

“…For patients who did not require oxygenation supplementation, the mean TDI scores were 5.68 ± 1.53 and 6.89 ± 1.52 at the 4 th and 12 th week, respectively. The 1-sample t-test indicated a significant difference in the TDI score at the 4 th week (p = 0.003) (with MCID set at 1 according to Ubolsakka-Jones et al [12]). Additionally, a significant improvement in the TDI score was observed between the 4 th and 12 th weeks in non-oxygenation therapy patients (p = 0.02).…”

“…Without assisted breathing training, the slow deep breathing exercise (5 -10 breath per set, 5 -10 set per session), pulse lip breathing (5 -10 breath per set, 5 -10 set per session) and breathing control as appropriate. For device-assisted breathing training, the BreatheMAX ® breathing device was used [12,13]. This device consists of 2 modes: Oscillated incentive spirometry breathing (OIS) and oscillated positive expiratory pressure breathing (OPEP).…”