Comparison of brain nicotine uptake from electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes

Zuo, Yantao; Mukhin, Alexey G.; Berg, Hannah; Morgan, Janiece D.; Mintz, Akiva; Rose, Jed E.; Sai, Kiran Kumar Solingapuram

doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01410-5

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…24 Inhalable [ 11 C]nicotine has been formulated as eliquid, used in vapes. 3 It is imperative that the QC methods be adjusted to accommodate the post formulation sample matrix. Formulation through SPE can also act as a further purification step to remove solvents introduced during preparative HPLC.…”

Section: Overview Of the General Production And Qc Process For 11 C-l...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formulation after purification (Figure ) of the radiotracer usually involves SPE, to remove the mobile phase employed during HPLC purification and to dilute the 11 C-compound into its final delivery solution. ,, Rotatory vacuum evaporation can also be used to remove the mobile phase. , Usually, saline is employed for injectable radiotracers, , however a sodium bicarbonate solution can also be used . Inhalable [ 11 C]nicotine has been formulated as e-liquid, used in vapes . It is imperative that the QC methods be adjusted to accommodate the post formulation sample matrix.…”

Section: Overview Of the General Production And Qc Process For 11c-la...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 PET can also be used to observe the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic compounds, drugs, or substances of abuse in clinical and preclinical studies. 1,3 Since radiotracers for PET scans are administered parenterally to human subjects or patients, quality control (QC) guidelines are thorough and must be adhered to strictly to ensure a safe procedure can be conducted. 1,4,5 Several regulatory bodies enforce them: the US Federal Drug Administration's Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 21, part 601, subpart D, diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals, stipulates precautions and safety measures; 1,5 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) refers to European Pharmacopeia (EP) chapter 5, a general monograph on radiopharmaceutical preparations; 6 and the USP general chapter 823 addresses radiotracers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly selective 3D imaging technique enabling real-time, in vivo, quantitative visualization of biological processes. , As a research tool, PET reveals the mechanisms of disease initiation and progression and the biological uptake and metabolic fate of newly developed therapies or drugs in real time . PET can also be used to observe the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic compounds, drugs, or substances of abuse in clinical and preclinical studies. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Myburgh,

Sai

2023

ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci.

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Introduction - Several 11C-tracers have demonstrated high potential in early diagnostic PET imaging applications of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. These radiotracers often track critical biomarkers in disease pathogenesis such as tau fibrils ([11C]PBB3) or β-amyloid plaques ([11C]PiB) associated with such diseases. Purpose - The short review aims to serve as a guideline in the future development of radiotracers for students, postdocs and/or new radiochemists who will be synthesizing clinical grade or novel research 11C-tracers, including knowledge of regulatory requirements. We aim to bridge the gap between novel and established 11C-tracer quality control (QC) processes through exploring the design process and regulatory requirements for 11C-pharmaceuticals. Methods - A literature survey was undertaken to identify articles with a detailed description of the QC methodology and characterization for each of the sections of the review. Overview - First a general summary of 11C-tracer production was presented; this was used to establish possible places for contamination or assurances for a sterile final product. The key mandated QC analyses for clinical use were then discussed. Further, we assessed the QC methods used for established 11C-tracers and then reviewed the routine QC tests for preclinical translational and validation studies. Therefore, both mandated QC methods for clinical and preclinical animal studies were reviewed. Last, some examples of optimization and automation were reviewed, and implications of the QC practices associated with such procedures were considered. Conclusion - All of the common QC parameters associated with 11C-tracers under clinical and preclinical settings (along with a few exceptions) were discussed in detail. While it is important to establish standard, peer-reviewed QC testing protocols for a novel 11C-tracer entering the clinical umbrella, equal importance is needed on preclinical applications to address credibility and repeatability for the study.

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Section: Overview Of the General Production And Qc Process For 11 C-l...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview Of the General Production And Qc Process For 11c-la...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Myburgh,

Sai

2023

ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci.

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“…Nicotine is absorbed through the whole respiratory tract, throughout the oral and nasal mucosa, to the gastrointestinal tract including liver tissues . It is found that nicotine is accounted for many psychopharmacological effects . It increases inflammation in lung epithelial cells and airway hyper-reactivity in lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. ,, Nicotine also suppresses apoptosis in lung tumors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

Hamed,

El-Fiky,

M Gawish

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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During smoking, nicotine, the most bountiful compound in cigarettes, is absorbed into the body by the lungs and quickly metabolized in the liver, causing three major adverse impacts such as toxic, neoplastic, and immunomodulatory effects. Saponins extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit various biological actions, such as anticancer effects. So, the potential protective effect of fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin against toxicity induced by nicotine in male rats was investigated in this study. Animals were exposed to nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day) and/or treated with fenugreek saponin (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/day) and nanofenugreek saponin (20, 40, and 80 mg/ kg/day). Comet assays, histopathological examination, and analyses for the expression levels of glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) genes in liver tissues as well as the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were conducted. The results revealed that nicotine treatment induced a significant increase in DNA damage, decrease in the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and increase in histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Moreover, nicotine treatment induced a significant reduction in the activity of antioxidant enzymes GPx and GST. On the other hand, administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin with nicotine significantly decreased the DNA damage, increased the expression levels of (GLAST) and (GLT-1) genes, and decreased histopathological alterations in liver tissues. Additionally, a significant increase in the activities of GPx and GST was observed. The results suggested that DNA damage and histological injuries induced by nicotine were decreased by the administration of fenugreek saponin or nanofenugreek saponin; thus, fenugreek saponin and nanofenugreek saponin can be used as ameliorative agents against nicotine toxicity.

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The potential health effects associated with electronic-cigarette

Tao,

Zhang,

Meng

et al. 2024

Environmental Research

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Comparison of brain nicotine uptake from electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

The potential health effects associated with electronic-cigarette

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Comparison of brain nicotine uptake from electronic cigarettes and combustible cigarettes

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

Development and Optimization of 11C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Development and Optimization of 11C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Assessing the Efficacy of Fenugreek Saponin Nanoparticles in Attenuating Nicotine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats

The potential health effects associated with electronic-cigarette

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Product

Resources

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Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process

Development and Optimization of ¹¹C-Labeled Radiotracers: A Review of the Modern Quality Control Design Process