Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

Ho, Roger; Sharma, Vijay K.; Tan, Benjamin Yong-Qiang; Ng, Alison Yy; Lui, Yit Shiang; Husain, Syeda Fabeha; Ho, Cyrus S.H.; Tran, Bach Xuan; Pham, Quang Hai; McIntyre, Roger S.; Chan, Amanda C.

doi:10.3390/brainsci11080968

Cited by 40 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Secondly, our data was collected from patients who were hospitalized at Shahid Basim's COVID-19 Hospital in Herat, not involving patients with mild illnesses under self-isolation at home. Thirdly, though COVID-19 was reported to impair the olfactory function 38 , 39 , 40 and specific questionnaires as well a smell identification test were recently developed to assess it, 41 , 42 the 42-item questionnaire which we used in this study didn't cover the olfactory function issues yet. Fourthly, although studies revealed that COVID-19 causes hemorrhagic changes in the brain, 38 we only used a self-reported questionnaire to assess the magnitude and severity of depression, anxiety, and stress among participants in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Herat, Afghanistan

Niazi

Alekozay

Najm

2022

Global Health Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Herat, Afghanistan

Niazi

Alekozay

Najm

2022

Global Health Journal

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“…The COVID‐19 pandemic was found to cause hemodynamic changes in the brain and impairment in olfactory function. 84 , 85 This study mainly used self‐reported questionnaires to measure psychiatric symptoms and did not make clinical diagnosis. The gold standard for establishing psychiatric diagnosis involved structured clinical interview and functional neuroimaging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and perceived stress and their relation with resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a cross‐sectional study

Parvar

Ghamari

Pezeshkian

et al. 2022

Health Science Reports

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Background and aims Home quarantine and physical distancing at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) had a severe effect on the mental health of the populations. Resilience has been reported previously to be a protective factor against anxiety, stress, and depression. This study evaluates the prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived stress and their relation with resilience associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic among a sample of the general population in Southern Iran. Methods In this cross‐sectional web‐based survey, from April 12 to May 13, 2020, stress, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and resilience were measured using the Persian version of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS‐21), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐14), and Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) and frequencies were used to describe demographic data. Independent sample t ‐test, Spearman correlation, and the Pearson correlation coefficient were performed to examine anxiety, depression, stress, and resilience. Results Among a total of 538 participants, the overall prevalence of moderate‐to‐extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress was found to be 26.1%, 33.2%, and 5.8%, respectively. The overall median PSS and resilience score were 30 and 70, respectively. There was a significant association between higher age and perceived stress. Male and high income were related to higher resilience scores. Perceived stress positively correlates with resilience, whereas depression significantly correlates with anxiety and stress. Individuals with underlying disease demonstrated significantly higher scores for depression and anxiety. Also, perceived stress had a significant but weak, positive correlation with age and the number of quarantine days. Conclusion The occurring COVID‐19 pandemic could be the culprit of psychological distress, anxiety, and depression of large population quantities. Our results showed a subordinate overall resilience in the general Iranian population during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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“…The study was limited to a group of individuals having access to the Internet and social media, so it could not be generalized to general population. Also, the structured clinical interview and functional neuroimaging is necessary to definitive psychological diagnosis 49 , 50 but this study used self‐reported questionnaires to assess psychiatric symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety due to COVID‐19 among healthcare providers during pandemic: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey in Iran

Kamali

Moosazadeh

Azizi

et al. 2021

Neuropsychopharm Rep

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Aim The main purpose of this study was to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare providers in Iran. Methods This descriptive cross‐sectional survey was performed on healthcare providers selected through the convenience sampling method from April 6 to May 19, 2020, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, a self‐report web‐based questionnaire made up of a sociodemographic characteristics information form, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS), and Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) was distributed. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square test ( χ 2 ), and univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were accordingly practiced to analyze the data using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results Of 1343 healthcare providers, 45.8% and 73.0% had moderate physical and psychological anxiety symptoms, respectively. The logistic regression model similarly demonstrated that anxiety caused by COVID‐19 was significantly correlated with the age ranges of 41‐50 ( P = .007) and 51‐60 ( P = .014) years as well as male participants ( P < .001). In addition, the prevalence rates of depression and stress were, respectively, reported by 35.1% and 27.8%. There was correspondingly a significant relationship between depression and age as well as stress and gender. Conclusions It seems that healthcare managers need to focus more attention on psychological aspects in healthcare providers during this pandemic and plan to teach them about coping strategies.

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Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Herat, Afghanistan

Prevalence and associated factors of depression, anxiety and stress among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Herat, Afghanistan

Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and perceived stress and their relation with resilience during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a cross‐sectional study

Anxiety due to COVID‐19 among healthcare providers during pandemic: A web‐based cross‐sectional survey in Iran

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