Comparison of Blood Lead and Blood and Plasma δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Concentrations as Biomarkers for Lead Poisoning in Cattle

Kang, Hyun-Mi; Bischoff, Karyn; Ebel, Joseph G.; Ho, Shao-Ting; McCardle, James A.; Choi, Cheong Up

doi:10.1177/104063871002200608

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Recent work evaluating delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in cattle suggests plasma ALA may be a good biomarker of blood lead levels. 35 One of the main mechanisms by which lead causes toxicosis is the inhibition of aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, involved in the dimerization of ALA to form porphobilinogen in red blood cells. In humans, plasma and blood ALA activity has been a useful parameter for determination of trace exposures to lead (<0.01 µg/mL).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health implications of lead poisoning in backyard chickens and cattle: four cases

Roegner¹,

Giannitti

Woods

et al. 2013

VMRR

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Lead intoxication in livestock has historically been associated with cattle turned out to pasture and accidental ingestion of lead from drinking crankcase oil, licking grease from machinery, chewing on plumbing or batteries, or drinking water contaminated from leaching materials. Even with the decrease in manufactured items produced with lead, contaminants persist in the landscape and may enter the food supply through animal products. Changing patterns of open range herds moving to new pasture and the increased popularity of urban/suburban backyard chickens or other livestock necessitates public awareness about the clinical signs of lead intoxication, the potential for subclinical animals, public health concerns, particularly for exposure in children, and testing options available. Cases of lead intoxication in livestock demand a thorough case work-up to identify all sources of lead, address subclinical cases, evaluate risk to consumers, and make management suggestions for future prevention. We discuss four recent cases of confirmed lead poisoning in backyard chickens and open range cattle and assess the public health implications therein. Taken as a whole and considering the potential of the remaining herd or flock to be affected without necessarily showing signs, public health officials and veterinarians should be prepared to advise clients on case work-up and management and prevention considerations. Backyard chickens and cattle may not present for suspected lead poisoning as in several of the cases discussed herein yet may still contain concerning tissue or blood levels. The authors believe increased surveillance through heavy metal screens is crucial to adequately protect public health.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health implications of lead poisoning in backyard chickens and cattle: four cases

Roegner¹,

Giannitti

Woods

et al. 2013

VMRR

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“…20 Andrade et al suggested that the estimation of urinary-δ-aminolevulinic acid (U-δ-ALA) is a potential biomarker of exposure to neurotoxic metals, including Pb. 21 , 22 Ahmed et al reported significantly higher levels of U-δ-ALA in lead battery repair unit workers compared to controls. 23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Lead Exposure and Urinary-δ-aminolevulinic Acid Levels in Male Lead Acid Battery Workers in Tamil Nadu, India

Kalahasthi¹,

Barman²

2018

Journal of Health and Pollution

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Background.Exposure to lead (Pb) affects multiple health outcomes and physiological systems. In adults, even small increases in blood Pb levels have been associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased risk of hypertension and increased incidence of essential tremor. To date, there have been few Pb-exposure assessments using the United States Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) regulations.Objective.The aim of the present study was to assess Pb-exposure in terms of elevated blood lead levels (BLL) and urinary-δ-aminolevulinic acid (U-δ-ALA) levels of workers exposed to Pb in the lead acid battery industry in Tamil Nadu, India based on Pb exposure regulations set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) and OSHA.Materials and Methods.BLLs and U-δ-ALA were estimated in 449 male workers exposed to Pb across ten different job categories in a lead acid battery factory. Worker BLLs were estimated using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and U-δ-ALA was estimated using spectrophotometry.Results.The Biological Exposure Index of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (BEI-ACGIH) were used to assess Pb exposure. BLLs <30 μg/dL were found in 63.5% of workers, and 36.5% of workers had BLLs>30 μg/dL. The present study also assessed Pb exposure using OSHA regulations and found that 83.3% of workers had BLLs <40 μg/dL and 16.7% of workers had BLLs>40 μg/dL. Among these workers, 0.7% of workers had BLLs >60 μg/dL. An excessive excretion of U-δ-ALA (20–40 mg/L) was noted in pasting area workers (2.6%) followed by executives (2.2%) and assembly workers (0.9%).Conclusions.Workers in the job categories of pasting and assembly, as well as executives, are at high risk of Pb exposure compared to other job categories. We recommend placing humidifiers on the roof and keeping a water bath closer the to plate cutting area to reduce fugitive Pb dust emissions. We recommended workers with BLLs >60 μg/dL be removed from jobs involving Pb exposure and return to work only when their BLLs are <40 μg/dL.Participant consent.ObtainedEthics Approval.The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Regional Occupational Health Centre (Southern) Bengaluru, part of the National Institute of Occupational Health of India.Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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“…It is known that heme synthesis pathway is affected by lead and production of haemoglobin is decreased leading to anaemia [4]. Heme synthesis pathway is affected by changes in the levels of necessary enzymes required for heme synthesis [5]. One of the effects of these changes is the increased levels of delta aminolevulinic acid in urine [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Estimation of Urinary Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Levels as an Indicator of Lead Exposure in Pottery Workers

Patil¹,

Kalokhe²,

Patharkar³

et al. 2020

AJMAH

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Background: Lead toxicity is a significant environmental hazard and has widespread ill effects on human body. In this study we detected the lead exposure by measuring urinary delta aminolevulinic acid levels. The activity of delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase enzyme is inhibited significantly by lead, which leads to an increase in urinary δ- ALA excretion. Hence we can use estimation of urinary δ-ALA levels as a surrogate marker of lead exposure in pottery workers. Aim: To estimate the urinary delta aminolevulinic acid levels in pottery workers as an index of lead exposure. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 85 pottery workers of age group between 18 to 50 years with their brief history related to lead exposure. Their urine samples were analysed for δ-ALA by Ehrlich method. Results: According to our observation, it was found that out of 85 urine samples; 58 samples showed increased urinary δ-ALA levels (68.23%). Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of lead exposure in pottery workers in Mumbai is very high. Good hygienic practices and necessary precautions should be followed to avoid its ill effects on human body.

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Comparison of Blood Lead and Blood and Plasma δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Concentrations as Biomarkers for Lead Poisoning in Cattle

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Public health implications of lead poisoning in backyard chickens and cattle: four cases

Public health implications of lead poisoning in backyard chickens and cattle: four cases

Assessment of Lead Exposure and Urinary-δ-aminolevulinic Acid Levels in Male Lead Acid Battery Workers in Tamil Nadu, India

Study of Estimation of Urinary Delta Aminolevulinic Acid Levels as an Indicator of Lead Exposure in Pottery Workers

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