Comparison of Blood and Kidney Gold (Au) Levels in Rats Treated with Orally Administered SK&amp;F D-39162 and Parenteral Gold Sodium Thiomalate (GST)

Walz, D. T.; Dimarino, Michael; Griswold, Don E.; Alessi, Sílvio Roberto Borges; Bumbier, Edgar E.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-021308-8.51337-5

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“…4, 30 Gold has also been found within the cellular compartment of blood, primarily in the erythrocyte fraction. 31, 32 Here, gold has been shown to be within or attached to the membranes of red blood cells (RBCs) , 24, 33 with uptake dependent on either the amount of gold available for red cell precursors in the bone marrow or the gold binding capacity of plasma proteins. 32 Indeed, it has been shown that uptake into RBCs ceases after 48 hours even though there is still considerable gold in the plasma, presumably as all the gold by this time is tightly bound to plasma proteins.…”

Section: Gold Pharmacokinetics and Biodistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gold Nanoparticles: A Revival in Precious Metal Administration to Patients

et al. 2011

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Gold has been used as a therapeutic agent to treat a wide variety of rheumatic diseases including psoriatic arthritis, juvenile arthritis and discoid lupus erythematosus. Although the use of gold has been largely superseded by newer drugs, gold nanoparticles are being used effectively in laboratory based clinical diagnostic methods whilst concurrently showing great promise in vivo either as a diagnostic imaging agent or a therapeutic agent. For these reasons, gold nanoparticles are therefore well placed to enter mainstream clinical practice in the near future. Hence, the present review summarizes the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, bio-distribution, metabolism and toxicity of bulk gold in humans based on decades of clinical observation and experiments in which gold was used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The beneficial attributes of gold nanoparticles, such as their ease of synthesis, functionalization and shape control are also highlighted demonstrating why gold nanoparticles are an attractive target for further development and optimization. The importance of controlling the size and shape of gold nanoparticles to minimize any potential toxic side effects is also discussed.

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