Comparison of biochemical compositions of phytoplankton during spring and fall seasons in the northern East/Japan Sea

Kang, Jung Eun; Joo, HuiTae; Lee, Jae Hyung; Lee, Jang Han; Lee, Ho Won; Lee, Dabin; Kang, Chang Keun; Yun, Mi Sun; Lee, Sang‐Heon

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.06.006

Cited by 25 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…In terms of energy efficiency in differential size phytoplankton, large phytoplankton could provide higher energy value per unit cell than small phytoplankton based on the Cal/chl of the two different cell-sized of phytoplankton in the UB and NES during this study (Table 3). In contrast, previous studies found opposite results that small phytoplankton had relatively higher Cal/chl than large phytoplankton (Kang et al, 2017;Kim et al, 2019). This inconsistency between this and other studies might be resulted from different research regions and periods.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the EJS, including the UB, has experienced notable changes in its physicochemical properties, such as drastic increases in sea surface temperature and rapid ocean acidification (Kim et al, 2001;Kang et al, 2003). These changes could accompany variations in biological characteristics, especially in phytoplankton communities and, subsequently, upper trophic levels (Chiba et al, 2012;Kang et al, 2017;Lee et al, 2017b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phytoplankton, as primary producers, play an important role in the food web as well as the biogeochemical cycling of aquatic ecosystems. Primary production by the phytoplankton community is an important factor in controlling the quantity of food sources for higher trophic level organisms and subsequently could affect the recruitment, biomass, and production of fishery resources ( Whyte, 1987 ; Kleppel and Burkart, 1995 ; Kang et al, 2017 ). Intracellular biochemical compositions (i.e., carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) of phytoplankton could provide helpful information related to their physiological status and the nutritional value of food available to grazers ( Lee et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

et al. 2020

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The current phytoplankton community structure is expected to change, with small phytoplankton becoming dominant under ongoing warming conditions. To understand and evaluate the ecological roles of small phytoplankton in terms of food quantity and quality, the carbon uptake rates and intracellular biochemical compositions (i.e., carbohydrates, CHO; proteins, PRT; and lipids, LIP) of phytoplankton of different sizes were analyzed and compared in two different regions of the western East/Japan Sea (EJS): the Ulleung Basin (UB) and northwestern East/Japan Sea (NES). The average carbon uptake rate by the whole phytoplankton community in the UB (79.0 ± 12.2 mg C m–2 h–1) was approximately two times higher than that in the NES (40.7 ± 2.2 mg C m–2 h–1), although the average chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration was similar between the UB (31.0 ± 8.4 mg chl a m–2) and NES (28.4 ± 7.9 mg chl a m–2). The main reasons for the large difference in the carbon uptake rates are believed to be water temperature, which affects metabolic activity and growth rate, and the difference in euphotic depths. The contributions of small phytoplankton to the total carbon uptake rate were not significantly different between the regions studied. However, the rate of decrease in the total carbon uptake with increasing contributions from small phytoplankton was substantially higher in the UB than in the NES. This result suggests that compared to other regions in the EJS, the primary production in the UB could decrease rapidly under ongoing climate change. The calorific contents calculated based on biochemical compositions were similar between the small (1.01 ± 0.33 Kcal m–3) and large (1.14 ± 0.36 Kcal m–3) phytoplankton in the UB, whereas the biochemical contents were higher in the large phytoplankton (1.88 ± 0.54 Kcal m–3) than in the small phytoplankton (1.06 ± 0.18 Kcal m–3) in the NES. The calorific values per unit of chl a were higher for the large phytoplankton than for the small phytoplankton in both regions, which suggests that large phytoplankton could provide a more energy efficient food source to organisms in higher trophic levels in the western EJS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

et al. 2020

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“…With respect to food quality of small phytoplankton as a basic food source to herbivores, macromolecular compositions such as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates as photosynthetic end products will be needed for a better understanding of a small-cell-dominant marine ecosystem in response to environmental changes (Lee et al, 2013). According to Kang et al (2017), small phytoplankton assimilate more food materials and calorific contents per unit of chlorophyll a concentration and thus provide more contributions with respect to the energy aspect than do other phytoplankton communities in the East/Japan Sea. However, this change in dominant phytoplankton community from large to small cells will likely cause further alteration in the higher trophic levels because of the prey size available to higher trophic grazers (Moline et al, 2004).…”

Section: S H Lee Et Al: Small Phytoplankton Contribution In the Ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Small phytoplankton contribution to the standing stocks and the total primary production in the Amundsen Sea

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Small phytoplankton are anticipated to be more important in a recently warming and freshening ocean condition. However, little information on the contribution of small phytoplankton to overall phytoplankton production is currently available in the Amundsen Sea. To determine the contributions of small phytoplankton to total biomass and primary production, carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of total and small phytoplankton were obtained from 12 productivity stations in the Amundsen Sea. The daily carbon uptake rates of total phytoplankton averaged in this study were 0.42 g C m −2 d −1 (SD = ± 0.30 g C m −2 d −1 ) and 0.84 g C m −2 d −1 (SD = ± 0.18 g C m −2 d −1 ) for nonpolynya and polynya regions, respectively, whereas the daily total nitrogen (nitrate and ammonium) uptake rates were 0.12 g N m −2 d −1 (SD = ± 0.09 g N m −2 d −1 ) and 0.21 g N m −2 d −1 (SD = ± 0.11 g N m −2 d −1 ), respectively, for non-polynya and polynya regions, all of which were within the ranges reported previously. Small phytoplankton contributed 26.9 and 27.7 % to the total carbon and nitrogen uptake rates of phytoplankton in this study, respectively, which were relatively higher than the chlorophyll a contribution (19.4 %) of small phytoplankton. For a comparison of different regions, the contributions for chlorophyll a concentration and primary production of small phytoplankton averaged from all the non-polynya stations were 42.4 and 50.8 %, which were significantly higher than those (7.9 and 14.9 %, respectively) in the polynya region. A strong negative correlation (r 2 = 0.790, p<0.05) was found between the contributions of small phytoplankton and the total daily primary production of phytoplankton in this study. This finding implies that daily primary production decreases as small phytoplankton contribution increases, which is mainly due to the lower carbon uptake rate of small phytoplankton than large phytoplankton.

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“…Regarding the changes in photosynthetic end-products, the dominant protein composition under reduced sea ice conditions might result in low caloric contents of phytoplankton as an energetic perspective and subsequently lead to changes in the nutritional and energetic strategies of zooplankton, even though the biochemical composition of phytoplankton cannot be directly linked to predators (Yun et al, 2015b; Jo et al, 2017; Kang et al, 2017). In particular, noticeable recent changes in the phytoplankton size structure, such as pico-sized phytoplankton-based ecosystems (Li et al, 2009) or the increase of temperate phytoplankton under the warming condition of the Arctic (Neukermans et al, 2018), could be important in leading the shift to the different photosynthetic end-products of phytoplankton in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Implications of Changing Photosynthetic End-Products of Phytoplankton Caused by Sea Ice Conditions in the Northern Chukchi Sea

et al. 2019

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The recent dramatic decline in sea ice conditions in the Arctic Ocean has led to the ecophysiological changes in the phytoplankton community. Little is currently known about how the physiological status of phytoplankton has changed under rapidly changing environmental conditions in the Arctic Ocean. Using the 13C isotope tracer technique, the carbon allocation of phytoplankton into different photosynthetic end-products was determined in the northern Chukchi Sea on the basis of two Arctic expeditions conducted in 2011 and 2012 to identify the physiological status of phytoplankton. Lipids were the predominant photosynthetic biochemical fraction (42.5%) in 2011, whereas carbon allocation to proteins was most dominant under ice-free conditions in 2012 (47.7%). Based on a comparison of the photosynthetic carbon allocation of phytoplankton according to sea ice conditions, we found that photosynthetic carbon allocation to different macromolecular pools was significantly different depending on the sea ice conditions and that the light conditions caused by different sea ice conditions could be an important reason for the differences in carbon allocation to photosynthetic end-products. Different dominant phytoplankton groups related to size classes also could cause changes in the photosynthetic carbon allocation of phytoplankton related mainly to the lipid synthesis. Our results showed that the physiological status of Arctic phytoplankton could be changed by producing different photosynthetic end-products under current environmental changes. This change in photosynthetic end-products of phytoplankton as a basic food source could be further linked to higher trophic levels in regards to their nutritional and energetic aspects, which could have potential consequences for Arctic marine ecosystems.

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Comparison of biochemical compositions of phytoplankton during spring and fall seasons in the northern East/Japan Sea

Cited by 25 publications

References 57 publications

Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

Characteristics of Different Size Phytoplankton for Primary Production and Biochemical Compositions in the Western East/Japan Sea

Small phytoplankton contribution to the standing stocks and the total primary production in the Amundsen Sea

Potential Implications of Changing Photosynthetic End-Products of Phytoplankton Caused by Sea Ice Conditions in the Northern Chukchi Sea

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