Comparison of biochemical and immunological biomarker levels of patients with COVID-19 with healthy individuals

Abstract

Objectives It was aimed to compare Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), Total Immunoglobulin M (Total IgM), Total Immunoglobulin G (Total IgG), Galectin-3 (Gal3), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG (SARS-CoV-2 IgG) levels in patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals. Methods The study included a total of 86 participants, 44 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) test and 42 as the control group. AAT, AGP, Total IgM, and Total IgG levels were measured using the immunoturbidimetric method. Gal3 and SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured using the chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay method. Results AAT, AGP, Total IgG, Gal3, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were found to be significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group (p<0.001 for all tests). In the patient group, there was a moderate correlation between AAT-AGP and SARS-CoV-2 IgG-AAT (r=0.692; r=0.561, respectively). Conclusions High levels of AAT, AGP, Total IgG, Gal3, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the patient group and correlations between variables suggest that these parameters may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and provide an idea about the prognosis of the disease. However, new studies on this subject are needed in order to clearly reveal the laboratory tests related to the clinical course of the disease.

Galectins can serve as biomarkers in COVID-19: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

“…After removing Karsli et al (33), no change was observed in the significance of the results (SMD 0.69, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.94, P < 0.01, Figure 3), although heterogeneity was reduced to 60.42%. Removing five of the studies made the overall result insignificant (21,22,27,31,32).…”

“…After removing duplicates, 524 records were screened by titles and abstracts. Following this step, 63 studies were evaluated by full texts, resulting in 18 final included studies (7,(19)(20)(21)(22)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow chart summarizing the selection process is available in Figure 1.…”

Serum levels of α1-antitrypsin, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in Iraqi COVID-19 patients: A cross-sectional study

“…Ercin et al (2021), which included 86 participants, 44 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and 42 as the control group, revealed that patients with COVID-19 infection demonstrated a significant increase in AAT threshold, which is a great predictor for disease termination 41. IL-6 is a crucial modulator of the inflammatory and immunological response to infection or trauma.…”