Comparison of basic density and longitudinal shrinkage in tension wood and opposite wood in young stems of <i>Populus euramericana</i> cv. Ghoy when subjected to a gravitational stimulus

Jourez, Benoît; Riboux, Alain; Leclercq, André

doi:10.1139/x01-096

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There is no bifurcation on the higher L shrinkage of tension wood than that of normal wood [12,19,28,56,60]. This was further confirmed in this study by the significant positive correlation between L shrinkage and GSI value (Fig.…”

Section: Growth Stress/physico-mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Chow [9], Lenz [36] Panshin and de Zeeuw [43], and Jourez et al [28] compared tension wood and normal wood without considering the severity of tension wood and reported a higher basic density of tension wood. Washusen et al [57] stated a positive correlation between microdensity and tension wood fibre percentage.…”

Section: Growth Stress/physico-mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

et al. 2008

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-Six inclined poplar I-69 (Populus deltoids cv. I-69/55) trees were collected for studying the influence of growth stress level on wood properties. Growth stress indicator (GSI) was measured at eight positions around the periphery of each trunk at breast height and corresponding wood samples were obtained. Wood anatomical, physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics were measured, including cell diameter, fibre length, double wall thickness excluding the gelatinous layer, lumen diameter after gelatinous layer removal, proportion of wood tissues, basic density, FSP, MOE, compressive strength, shrinkage and chemical composition. Each property was regarded and discussed in relation to the growth stress level. Populus deltoids

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Section: Growth Stress/physico-mechanical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Growth Stress/physico-mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

et al. 2008

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“…However the differences are rather low except for Virola surinamensis (Rolander) Warb (lower in tension wood), Qualea rosea and Ocotea guyanensis (higher in tension wood). In previous publications density was found higher in tension wood for poplar [17,28].…”

Section: Mechanical and Physical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 64%

Comparaison du bois de tension et du bois opposé de dix arbres provenant d’espèces différentes de forêt tropicale humide

et al. 2007

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-On 10 trees from 10 species of French Guyana tropical rainforest in a clear active process of restoring verticality growth strains were measured in situ in order to determine the occurrence of tension wood within samples. Wood specimens were cut in the vicinity of the growth strains measurements in order to measure some mechanical and physical properties. As suspected, tensile growth strains was very much higher in tension wood zone, because longitudinal modulus of elasticity was slightly higher. Longitudinal shrinkage was also much higher in tension wood than in opposite wood.tension wood / opposite wood / tropical rainforest / physical and mechanical properties Résumé -Comparaison du bois de tension et du bois opposé de dix arbres provenant d'espèces différentes de forêt tropicale humide. Des mesures de contraintes de croissance ont été réalisées sur 10 arbres en cours de redressement actif appartenant à 10 espèces de la forêt tropicale humide de Guyane Française afin de s'assurer de la présence de bois de tension. Des échantillons de bois, prélevés au voisinage des mesures de contraintes de croissance, ont permis de mesurer un certains nombres de propriétés physiques et mécaniques. Comme présumé les contraintes de croissance sont beaucoup plus élevées au niveau du secteur de bois de tension, car le module d'élasticité est légèrement plus élevé. Le retrait longitudinal est aussi plus élevé dans le bois de tension que dans le bois opposé.bois de tension / bois opposé / forêt tropicale humide / propriétés physiques et mécaniques

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“…Figures 1 and 2 show the longitudinal shrinkage measured on chestnut and mani versus the RGS. Results on tension wood are presented in order to show the ability of these trees to produce high tensile stressed wood, having a high longitudinal shrinkage, as it is well known [9,13,17,22]. Observation of the measured longitudinal shrinkage versus RGS shows a continuum in behaviour from the "normally" tensile stressed wood to the compression stressed wood.…”

Section: Microfibrils Angle (Mfa)mentioning

confidence: 97%

Compression stress in opposite wood of angiosperms: observations in chestnut, mani and poplar

2006

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-In order to face environmental constraints, trees are able to re-orient their axes by controlling the stress level in the newly formed wood layers. Angiosperms and gymnosperms evolved into two distinct mechanisms: the former produce a wood with large tension pre-stress on the upper side of the tilted axis, while the latter produce a wood with large compression pre-stress on the lower side. In both cases, the difference between this stress level and that of the opposite side, in light tension, generates the bending of the axis. However, light values of compression were sometimes measured in the opposite side of angiosperms. By analysing old data on chestnut and mani and new data on poplar, this study shows that these values were not measurement artefacts. This reveals that generating light compression stress in opposite wood contributes to improve the performance of the re-orientation mechanism.reaction wood / compression wood / tension wood / opposite wood / plant biomechanics / growth stresses / microfibrils angle Résumé -Contraintes de compression dans le bois opposé des angiospermes : observation chez le châtaignier, le manil et le peuplier. Pour s'adapter à l'environnement, les arbres sont capables de contrôler l'état de contraintes des nouvelles couches de bois formé pour réorienter leurs axes. Angiospermes et gymnospermes ont évolué vers deux stratégies différentes : les premiers produisent un bois à forte précontrainte de tension sur la face supérieure de l'axe incliné alors que les derniers mettent en place un bois en précontrainte de compression sur la face inférieure. La différence de contrainte avec la face opposée constituée de bois en légère tension produit un même résultat, la flexion de l'axe. Pourtant, au hasard des expérimentations, des valeurs de compression ont plusieurs fois été observées dans le bois opposé des angiospermes. Cette étude reprend des donnés anciennes sur le châtaignier et le manil et les complète avec des données sur peuplier pour mettre en évidence qu'il ne s'agit par d'erreurs de mesure mais réellement d'une stratégie de ces arbres consistant à produire du bois en légère précontrainte de compression pour une meilleure efficacité du redressement.bois de réaction / bois de compression / bois de tension / bois opposé / biomécanique végétale / contraintes de croissances / angle des microfibrilles

show abstract

Comparison of basic density and longitudinal shrinkage in tension wood and opposite wood in young stems of Populus euramericana cv. Ghoy when subjected to a gravitational stimulus

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

Relationships between growth stress and wood properties in poplar I-69 (Populus deltoides Bartr. cv. “Lux” ex I-69/55)

Comparaison du bois de tension et du bois opposé de dix arbres provenant d’espèces différentes de forêt tropicale humide

Compression stress in opposite wood of angiosperms: observations in chestnut, mani and poplar

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