Comparison of barley and lavender straws as bioaggregates in earth bricks

Giroudon, Marie; Laborel-Préneron, Aurélie; Aubert, Jean‐Emmanuel; Magniont, Camille

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.12.126

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Allam et al [21] present the variation of thermal conductivity between dry (0.38-0.43 W m −1− K −1 ) and wet (0.55-0.62 W m −1− K −1 ) clay bricks. Giroudon, Laborel-Préneron et al [44] assess thermal conductivity improvement of plastic earth mixtures using barley and lavender straw, finding values from 0.155 to 0.471 W m −1− K −1 , with lower values for barley straw, more porous compared to lavender straw. Indekeu et al [37] assess rammed earth material samples thermal conductivity, as λ = 1.1 W m −1− K −1 .…”

Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygrothermal Properties of Raw Earth Materials: A Literature Review

2019

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Raw earth historic and contemporary architectures are renowned for their good environmental properties of recyclability and low embodied energy along the production process. Earth massive walls are universally known to be able to regulate indoor thermal and hygroscopic conditions containing energy consumptions, creating comfortable interior spaces with a low carbon footprint. Therefore, earth buildings are de facto green buildings. As a result of this, some earthen technologies have been rediscovered and implemented to be adapted to the contemporary building production sector. Nevertheless, the diffusion of contemporary earthen architecture is decelerated by the lack of broadly accepted standards on its anti-seismic and thermal performance. Indeed, the former issue has been solved using high-tensile materials inside the walls or surface reinforcements on their sides to improve their flexural strength. The latter issue is related to the penalization of earth walls thermal behavior in current regulations, which tent to evaluate only the steady-state performance of building components, neglecting the benefit of heat storage and hygrothermal buffering effect provided by massive and porous envelopes as raw earth ones. In this paper, we show the results of a paper review concerning the hygrothermal performance of earthen materials for contemporary housing: great attention is given to the base materials which are used (inorganic soils, natural fibers, and mineral or recycled aggregates, chemical stabilizers), manufacturing procedures (when described), performed tests and final performances. Different earth techniques (adobe, cob, extruded bricks, rammed earth, compressed earth blocks, light earth) have been considered in order to highlight that earth material can act both as a conductive and insulating meterial depending on how it is implemented, adapting to several climate contests. The paper aims to summarize current progress in the improvement of thermal performance of raw earth traditional mixes, discuss the suitability of existing measurement protocols for hygroscopic and natural materials and provide guidance for further researches.

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Section: Thermal Conductivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygrothermal Properties of Raw Earth Materials: A Literature Review

2019

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“…This test was carried out on different earth-building elements, such as plasters [10], bricks [12,54], or bahareque (a technique similar to wattle and daub) [55]. It helps assess the surface resistance to mechanical erosion due to the repetitive friction of the occupants' activities or to solid particles blown by the wind.…”

Section: Dry Abrasion Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have dealt with bio-sourced earth bricks or plasters [7][8][9]. However, few of them have focused on durability [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the New-Zealand Standard also presents three water resistance tests: the wet/dry appraisal test, the erosion test by spraying, and the Geelong test; the latter being less aggressive was performed in this investigation. Some durability tests from the literature that could be used on unstabilized earthen materials were also used, such as low-pressure water absorption with Karsten tubes [10] or an impact resistance test using the Martinet-Baronnie apparatus [12]. Most of these tests should be conducted on the render applied on earth bricks-based masonry walls, as the outdoor parts of the walls are often coated with a render.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Durability of Bio-based Earth Composites

Laborel-Préneron¹,

Faria²,

Aubert³

et al. 2021

RPM

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Bio-based earth composites present various environmental benefits, such as usable wastes, coproducts, abundant or renewable materials, etc. Moreover, the incorporation of bioaggregates in the earth matrix allows the buildings to act as an effective carbon sink. A growing number of studies are now focusing on the mechanical and hygrothermal properties of bio-based earth building materials. However, the durability of these types of material is a major concern, and knowledge of their various aspects is essential to anticipate maintenance and sustain the performance levels. Here, the durability of compressed earth composites, valorizing discarded earth containing 3% of barley straw, hemp shiv, or rice husk, is investigated. Due to the lack of internationally recognized standards to assess the durability of earthen materials and products, we proposed some testing procedures and discussed their relevance. The addition of these three bioaggregates decreases stiffness, as estimated by ultrasound velocity, and improves the resistance to impact and erosion by water. However, water absorption under low pressure is increased, and dry abrasion resistance is decreased. Moreover, the rice husk composite presents the best compromise.

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“…This standard measures the mass of material removed after brushing the specimen during 60 cycles (each cycle corresponds to an application of the brush back and forth), where each cycle lasts for one second, and the procedure was performed using a metallic brush whose weight was 3 kg. As suggested by Giroudon et al [63], the brushing process was implemented along the entire length of the cubes and at least one half of the brush area was permanently in contact with the cubes to avoid cantilever loading that could overstress the edge of the specimens. Numerically, the dry abrasion resistance was estimated for each specimen using the dry abrasion coefficient shown in Equation 3.…”

Section: Dry Abrasion Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer-Waste Fiber Reinforcement for Earthen Materials: Capillary, Mechanical, Impact, and Abrasion Performance

et al. 2020

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The poultry industry, highly prevalent worldwide, generates approximately 7.7 × 106 metric tons of chicken feathers (CFs), which become a major environmental challenge due to their disposal when considered waste or due to their energy transformation consumption when considered by-products. CFs are mainly composed of keratin (approximately 90%), which is one of the most important biopolymers whose inherent characteristics make CFs suitable as biopolymer fibers (BPFs). This paper first assesses the morphological and chemical characteristics of these BPFs, through scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and then evaluates the waste valorization of these BPFs as a sustainable alternative for fiber-reinforcement of earthen mixes intended for earthen construction, such as adobe masonry, rammed earth, and earthen plasters. In particular, four earthen mixes with increasing doses of BPFs (i.e., 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1% of BPFs by weight of soil) were developed to evaluate the impact of BPF-reinforcement on the capillary, mechanical, impact, and abrasion performance of these earthen mixes. The addition of BPFs did not significantly affect the mechanical performance of earthen mixes, and their incorporation had a statistically significant positive effect on the impact performance and abrasion resistance of earthen mixes as the BPF dose increased. On the other hand, the addition of BPFs increased the capillary water absorption rate, possibly due to a detected increment in porosity, which might reduce the durability of water-exposed BPF-reinforced earthen mixes, but a statistically significant increment only occurred when the highest BPF dose was used (1%).

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Comparison of barley and lavender straws as bioaggregates in earth bricks

Cited by 80 publications

References 38 publications

Hygrothermal Properties of Raw Earth Materials: A Literature Review

Hygrothermal Properties of Raw Earth Materials: A Literature Review

Assessment of Durability of Bio-based Earth Composites

Biopolymer-Waste Fiber Reinforcement for Earthen Materials: Capillary, Mechanical, Impact, and Abrasion Performance

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