Comparison of bacterial contamination and antibacterial efficacy in bristles of charcoal toothbrushes versus noncharcoal toothbrushes: A microbiological study

Thamke, Mitali; Beldar, Amol; Thakkar, Priya; Murkute, Supriya; Ranmare, Varsha; Hudwekar, Anuja

doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_309_18

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Calcium hydroxide is considered the most popular intracanal medication (11) , to increase its efficacy, combination of Ca (OH) 2 with other antimicrobial agents, has been suggested (12) . Activated charcoal is a natural product with antibacterial efficacy that is recently used in many dental products (13) . Enterococcus faecalis was chosen because it is the most frequent bacteria detected in persistent infection and treatment failures (14,15) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the efficacy of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis in single rooted premolars teeth: an in vitro study

Hamid

El-Batal

2023

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate efficacy of activated charcoal and activated charcoal/ calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide as intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis Methods: 42 extracted single rooted premolar teeth were prepared, sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. After incubation, initial bacterial counts were detected. Then, samples were divided randomly into three groups (n = 14) according to the used medication as follows: Group I: Ca (OH) 2 mixed with distilled water, Group II: activated charcoal /Ca (OH) 2 mixed with distilled water, Group III: activated charcoal mixed with distilled water, then samples were incubated for 7 days. The percentage reduction in colony counts (%RCC) after 7 days was used to measure the antibacterial effectiveness of different intracanal medications. The percentage reduction in bacterial counts in the three groups were compared statistically using the One-way ANOVA test.Results: Activated charcoal and calcium Hydroxide/activated charcoal groups showed statistically significantly higher mean percentage of reduction in bacterial counts than Calcium Hydroxide group.. Conclusion:Activated charcoal and Calcium Hydroxide/Activated charcoal were effective against Enterococcus faecalis than calcium hydroxide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the efficacy of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis in single rooted premolars teeth: an in vitro study

Hamid

El-Batal

2023

Egyptian Dental Journal

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“…In the systematic review, 15 of these met the eligibility requirements. 8,9,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Among the selected studies, eight were RCTs, 30,33-35,37,39-41 six were cross-sectional studies, 8,9,29,31,32,36 and the remaining one was an in vitro experimental study. 38 Among the six cross-sectional studies, two were analytical, 29,31 and four were descriptive types.…”

Section: Included Studies: Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9,32,36 Thirteen studies were carried out in vivo, 8,9,30-37,39-41 one study was conducted in vitro, 38 and the remaining one combined both settings. 29 The majority of studies included in this review were from India 37,39,40 and Brazil. 31,32,35,41 The largest sample size recorded was 606 samples of toothbrushes 29 while the lowest sample size recorded was 30 samples/participants.…”

Section: Included Studies: Selection and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,32 Random sequence generation was found to be at low risk of bias for all the included RCTs. 30,[33][34][35]37,[39][40][41] In contrast, the risk of bias in the allocation concealment was unclear for three studies 33,34,37 and high for one study. 39 While being categorized as low risk for attrition, reporting and other biases, four studies 33,34,37,39 showed a high risk for participant and personnel blinding, and two studies 33,37 showed a high risk for detection bias, as shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Risk Of Bias Assessment Within Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An updated systematic review on toothbrush contamination: An overlooked oral health concern among general population

Khan,

Syed,

Khalid

et al. 2023

Int J Dental Hygiene

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ObjectivesThe present systematic review was conducted to give an overview of toothbrush contamination among the general population and the factors affecting toothbrush contamination with an evidence‐based approach.Data/SourcesMedline (Pub Med), CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library and Dentistry and Oral Health Sciences Source were searched for the results after applying the search strategy from January 2012 to May 2022, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data were collected using a self‐made data collection form on study characteristics, population attributes and the main features, including the study's outcomes.The methodological quality of the included studies was independently evaluated based on the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for cross‐sectional studies and the Risk of Biasness Tool‐1 (Rob‐1) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A descriptive analysis of the included studies was done using SWiM guidelines. The impact of charcoal and non‐charcoal brushes on toothbrush disinfection was quantitatively analysed using a forest plot.Study SelectionOf the 687 studies screened by title and abstract, 27 articles were selected for full‐text evaluation using the EndNote reference program (Ver. X9.2). From these, 15 qualified and were included in the systematic review. Among the selected studies, eight were RCTs, six were cross‐sectional studies, and the remaining one was an in vitro experimental study.ConclusionsThe toothbrush becomes contaminated even after its first usage, and the contamination level rises with continued use. There are a number of factors that lead to the contamination of brushes, such as increased humidity brought on by a plastic cover or a toilet setting. Charcoal brushes show significant efficacy as compared to regular bristles in reducing toothbrush contamination; however, more RCTs are needed to further assess its efficacy. Nevertheless, rinsing with chlorhexidine mouthwash after daily brushing shows favourable results.

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“…Charcoal naturally has the ability to absorb toxins, poisons, and unpleasant substances, along with these advantages it has antimicrobial properties (7) . Surface structure and material components both affect microhardness (8) , the dentin of the canal wall is exposed to the medication's action when it is introduced, this could affect the surface of root dentin in various ways, as many root canal irrigants and intracanal medications have affected dentin microhardness and its fracture resistance (9)(10)(11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the effect of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide on dentin microhardness

Hamid

2023

Egyptian Dental Journal

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Objective: To evaluate effect of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination mixed with distilled water on dentin microhardness.Materials and methods: 48 extracted human maxillary incisor teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and prepared using Protaper next up to X 4. Then they were randomly allocated to three treatment groups and one control group (12 samples for each group) according to applied medicament as follows: The control group (no medication was applied), Group I: Ca(OH) 2 ( Cerkamed, Poland) mixed with distilled water, Group II: Activated charcoal (Eucarbon Sedico, Cairo, Egypt) / Ca(OH) 2 combination mixed with distilled water, Group III: Activated charcoal mixed with distilled water. After medicament application, specimens were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h, 3 and 7 days. After each storage period, 4 randomly selected specimens were taken from each group and a middle 2-mm root cylinder was horizontally sectioned from each root for microhardness evaluation using the Vickers microhardness tester. Data were analyzed using Twoway ANOVA test to study the effect of intracanal medication, time, and their interactions on mean micro-hardness values.Results: There was no statistically significant difference between microhardness values of specimens treated with different intracanal medications and control group at different time periods. Conclusion:Activated charcoal alone or combined with calcium hydroxide mixed with distilled water as intracanal medication up to one week didn't affect dentin microhardness.

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Comparison of bacterial contamination and antibacterial efficacy in bristles of charcoal toothbrushes versus noncharcoal toothbrushes: A microbiological study

Cited by 14 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of the efficacy of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis in single rooted premolars teeth: an in vitro study

Evaluation of the efficacy of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide intracanal medication against Enterococcus faecalis in single rooted premolars teeth: an in vitro study

An updated systematic review on toothbrush contamination: An overlooked oral health concern among general population

Evaluation of the effect of activated charcoal and activated charcoal calcium hydroxide combination versus calcium hydroxide on dentin microhardness

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