Comparison of areal and profile surface measurement methods for evaluating surface properties of machined components

Schmidt, Johann Friedrich Julius; Thorenz, Benjamin; Schreiner, Felix; Döpper, Frank

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.09.078

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In Ref. [12] it was found that h rms and h a as obtained from 1D stylus measurements and 2D optical measurements where nearly the same as expected from theory as they are averages involving all the measured height data points. On the other hand the extreme value-forming parameters h z and h 1z vary greatly and should not be used for design purposes.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…In another study (see Ref. [12]) h z h 1z was in the range 1.67-2.10 for a milled steel surface, 1.73-1.80 for a polymer surface produced by a sintering process, and 1.63- 1.69 for the surface of a saw spruce wood block. These values are very similar to what we found above where on the average h z h 1z is in the range ≈ 1.5 − 2 depending on the width of the roll-off region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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On the use of surface roughness parameters

Persson

2023

Preprint

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In most practical applications surface roughness is characterized by just one or two parameters (numbers). I show that the standard maximum surface height parameters fluctuate strongly between different surface realizations (or measurements), and should not be used in the design of engineering components. I show how some roughness parameters depends on the size of the roll-off region in the surface roughness power spectra, and introduce a new height parameter which is very reproducible. The numerical results presented agree well with experimental observations.

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confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

On the use of surface roughness parameters

Persson

2023

Preprint

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“…Several recent reports deal with examinations on optical measurements [59], mainly with diffractive relief structures [60] as well as with interference microscopy [61] and confocal and spiral scanning [62], factoring in the comparative papers on various technologies [63]. Some researchers have also discussed the comparability of the surface parameters resulting from the profile and the areal measurements [64,65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges of Engineering Applications of Descriptive Geometry

Balajti

2023

Symmetry

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Descriptive geometry has indispensable applications in many engineering activities. A summary of these is provided in the first chapter of this paper, preceded by a brief introduction into the methods of representation and mathematical recognition related to our research area, such as projection perpendicular to a single plane, projection images created by perpendicular projection onto two mutually perpendicular image planes, but placed on one plane, including the research of curves and movements, visual representation and perception relying on a mathematical approach, and studies on toothed driving pairs and tool geometry in order to place the development presented here among them. As a result of the continuous variability of the technological environment according to various optimization aspects, the engineering activities must also be continuously adapted to the changes, for which an appropriate approach and formulation are required from the practitioners of descriptive geometry, and can even lead to improvement in the field of descriptive geometry. The imaging procedures are always based on the methods and theorems of descriptive geometry. Our aim was to examine the spatial variation in the wear of the tool edge and the machining of the components of toothed drive pairs using two cameras. Resolving contradictions in spatial geometry reconstruction research is a constant challenge, to which a possible answer in many cases is the searching for the right projection direction, and positioning cameras appropriately. A special method of enumerating the possible infinite viewpoints for the reconstruction of tool surface edge curves is presented in the second part of this paper. In the case of the monitoring the shape geometry, taking into account the interchangeability of the projection directions, i.e., the property of symmetry, all images made from two perpendicular directions were taken into account. The procedure for determining the correct directions in a mathematically exact way is also presented through examples. A new criterion was formulated for the tested tooth edge of the hob to take into account the shading of the tooth next to it. The analysis and some of the results of the Monge mapping, suitable for the solution of a mechanical engineering task to be solved in a specific technical environment, namely defining the conditions for camera placements that ensure reconstructibility are also presented. Taking physical shadowing into account, conclusions can be drawn about the degree of distortion of the machined surface from the spatial deformation of the edge curve of the tool reconstructed with correctly positioned cameras.

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“…Some of the most recent reports cover investigations on optical measurement [28], especially diffractive relief structures [29] and interference microscopy [30] with confocal and spiral scanning [31], including comparative studies of different techniques [32]. Some researchers also discuss the comparability of different surface parameters obtained from profile and areal measurements [33,34].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cutting Tool Geometry on Surface Integrity: A Case Study of CBN Tools and the Inner Surface of Bearing Rings

et al. 2023

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In this paper, a practical issue of the application of cubic boron nitride (CBN) cutting tools for the machining of steel 100Cr6 thin-walled bearing rings is addressed. Three geometries of the commercially available CBN cutting inserts were tested at different machining parameters. The effect of geometry was assessed in terms of surface integrity, considering 2D profile parameters, 3D topography of the surface, and residual stresses in the surface layer. The results were sometimes contradictory, since the same cutting inserts provided the largest and the lowest values of the topography parameters, dependent on different cutting conditions. In general, CBN cutting inserts with XCEL geometry ensured the smallest profile parameters Ra and Rz, and the spatial parameters of Smr1 exhibited the largest values among all tested tools, suggesting reduced wear resistance. Residual stresses analysis did not reveal any inacceptable or potentially dangerous surface layer state after machining.

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Comparison of areal and profile surface measurement methods for evaluating surface properties of machined components

Cited by 10 publications

References 4 publications

On the use of surface roughness parameters

On the use of surface roughness parameters

Challenges of Engineering Applications of Descriptive Geometry

The Effect of Cutting Tool Geometry on Surface Integrity: A Case Study of CBN Tools and the Inner Surface of Bearing Rings

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