Comparison of API650-2008 provisions with FEM analyses for seismic assessment of existing steel oil storage tanks

Seismic Vulnerability of Cylindrical Steel Liquid Storage Tanks for an Oil Industry Plant

“…According to the author's investigation, this diameter is a limit which Elephant-foot buckling usually occurs. It is worthwhile to note that this viewpoint was previously indicated by Hosseinzadeh et al [14]. However, looking at the present constructed cylindrical tanks in industrial plants even with this low diameters (lower than 25), it can be seen that there is a slight Elephant-foot buckling but this is not more than allowance value.…”

“…They observed that the vast majority of the cylindrical tanks were damaged excessively. Hosseinzadeh et al [14] developed different cylindrical tanks using FE software and then compared the results obtained from FE software with those obtained from the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard. They focused mainly on the vulnerability factors including base shear, elephant buckling and stresses.…”

Experimental and numerical study of dynamic response of elevated water tank of AP1000 PCCWST considering FSI effect

“…The pressure-based fluid element Fluid30 is suitable for fluidstructure interaction analysis (Choi et al, 2013;Hosseinzadeh et al, 2013;Livaoglu and Dogangun, 2006;Moslemi et al, 2011). However, the Fluid30 element ignores the influence of free sloshing phenomenon.…”

“…The fluid element Fluid80 is particularly well suited for calculating hydrostatic pressures and fluid/solid interactions (Hosseinzadeh et al, 2013;Moslemi et al, 2011). Acceleration effects such as sloshing problems may be included.…”

Shake table study of annular baffles in steel storage tanks as sloshing dependent variable dampers

“…Therefore, this mode is stimulated in higher periods of earthquake response spectrum (ASCE, 2003). Important failure modes of steel above ground tanks are: 1) Overturning, 2) Sliding, 3), Elasto-Plastic buckling (Elephant foot buckling), 4) Elastic buckling (Diamond Buckling), 5) Tank roof damage, 6) Uplift, and 7) Differential settlement (Hosseinzadeh and Valaee, 2006;Hosseinzadeh. et al, 2013).…”