Comparison of AOAC 2005.06 LC official method with other methodologies for the quantitation of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in UK shellfish species

Abstract

A refined version of the pre-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (ox-LC-FLD) official method AOAC 2005.06 was developed in the UK and validated for the determination of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in UK shellfish. Analysis was undertaken here for the comparison of PSP toxicities determined using the LC method for a range of UK bivalve shellfish species against the official European reference method, the PSP mouse bioassay (MBA, AOAC 959.08). Comparative results indicated a good correlation in results for some species (mussels, cockles and clams) but a poor correlation for two species of oysters (Pacific oysters and native oysters), where the LC results in terms of total saxitoxin equivalents were found to be on average more than double the values determined by MBA. With the potential for either LC over-estimation or MBA under-estimation, additional oyster and mussel samples were analysed using MBA and ox-LC-FLD together with further analytical and functional methodologies: a post-column oxidation LC method (LC-ox-FLD), an electrophysiological assay and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection. Results highlighted a good correlation among non-bioassay results, indicating a likely cause of difference was the under-estimation in the MBA, rather than an over-estimation in the LC results.

An improved sensitive assay for the detection of PSP toxins with neuroblastoma cell-based impedance biosensor

“…The first analytical method permitted by the government in PSP toxins detection is ox-LC-FLD (Humpage et al, 2010). Although this method is sensitive and reliable, it is limited by the expensive reference material and chromophore which needs to produce fluorescent products (Humpage et al, 2010;Turner et al, 2011). Moreover, these PSP toxins can be converted from one structure to another in preparing samples of ox-LC-FLD.…”

“…To date, the official methods for PSP toxins detection are the mouse bioassay (MBA) and the pre-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (ox-LC-FLD) (Turner et al, 2011;Ben-Gigirey et al, 2012;Meneely et al, 2013;Nicolas et al, 2014). The first analytical method permitted by the government in PSP toxins detection is ox-LC-FLD (Humpage et al, 2010).…”

Detection of cardiovascular drugs and marine toxins using a multifunctional cell-based impedance biosensor system

“…45,46 However, the MBAs have low sensitivity and animal ethical problems, while the ox-LC-FLD method is limited by its expensive reference material and operation difficulty though it has high sensitivity and reliability. Cell-based biosensors are a new approach in the eld of drug and food toxicity assessment which monitor the cell growth and cardiomyocyte beating noninvasively in a low-cost, high-throughput, and real-time way.…”

Prevalence, Variability and Bioconcentration of Saxitoxin-Group in Different Marine Species Present in the Food Chain

“…Notwithstanding, a number of countries have begun to use alternative analytical methods, such as Pre-COX-LC-FLD (Lawrence method) [14], LC-PCOX [15] or LC-MS/MS, to determine and quantify each of the toxic analogues associated with the STX-group [16,17]. …”