Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil Incorporated and Probiotic Blend Incorporated Mucoadhesive Patch against Salivary Streptococcus mutans in Caries Active 7–10-year-old Children: An In Vivo Study

Abstract

A bstract Introduction Among the various plants studied, cinnamon has emerged as a potential herbal antimicrobial agent. Besides the medicinal plants, recently probiotics have also been recognized to affect cinnamon bark oil Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and other harmful oral and gut microflora. Aim and objective This placebo-controlled study aims to compare the antimicrobial potential of cinnamon bark oil incorporated and probiotic blend [ Lactobacillus plantarum (TSP-Lp1), and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (TSP-Lrh1)] incorporated mucoadhesive patch against salivary S. mutans in caries active 7–10-year-old children. Design It was a double-blinded placebo-controlled study with n = 60. They were randomly allotted into three groups—Group I: Cinnamon patch, group II: probiotic patch, and group III: control patch (placebo) with n = 20 in each group. Materials and methods The study was carried out in three phases. In the first phase, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon bark oil was determined against S. mutans followed by the formulation of cinnamon and probiotic patches. After a washout period of 2 weeks and a collection of baseline saliva samples, these patches were tested on the subjects from respective groups for 14 days with twice a day placement protocol. On the 15th day, saliva samples were collected and cultured, CFU/mL of the saliva of S. mutans for each subject was recorded and compared with baseline samples. Feedback in the form of a questionnaire was obtained from the patients. Statistical analysis Descriptive statistics, paired t -test for intragroup comparison, unpaired t -test for intergroup comparison, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for intergroup comparison, and post hoc Scheffe's. Results The results showed that both cinnamon patch and probiotic patch were comparable to each other in terms of their anti- S. mutans activity. The intragroup comparison of the CFU/mL count showed a highly significant reduction from baseline to post-intervention for both the groups ( p = 0.001). Conclusion Both cinnamon and probiotic blend have a strong antimicrobial property owing to their ability to cause significant reduction in salivary S. mutans and both the patches showed good patient acceptance. How to cite this article Gandhi HA, Srilatha KT, Deshmukh S, et al. Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Cinnamon Bark Oil Incorporated and Probiotic Blend Incorporated ...

Unlocking the potential of probiotic administration in caries management: a systematic review

“…The studies selected were analyzed regarding the quality of the study according to the JBI criteria and the results of the analysis are presented in Table 2. Almost all aspects of the analysis were fulfilled except for 5 articles [27][28][29][30][31]. It should be noted that in one article [32] there is no real blinding, since the control group is given chewing gum and the experimental group is given yogurt, due to the different" nature" of the treatment, both subjects and researchers knew who was in the control and experimental group.…”

“…Lacticaseibacillus and Bifidobacterium are the probiotic most frequently studied, and the most common species are Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus [27,30,[33][34][35], Lacticaseibacillus paracasei [31,36,37] and Bifidobacterium longum [27,30]. Interestingly, two studies had reported the comparison of probiotics (Bifidobacterium, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lacticaseibacillus plantarum) with the prebiotics Xylitol and Cinnamon Bark Oil [28,32].…”

Unlocking the potential of probiotic administration in caries management: a systematic review

“…Lacticaseibacillus and Bi dobacterium are the most frequent probiotic studied, where the most common species are Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (20,23,(26)(27)(28), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (24,29,30) and Bi dobacterium longum (20,23). Interestingly, two studies had reported the comparison of probiotics (Bi dobacterium, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Lacticaseibacillus plantarum) with the prebiotics Xylitol and Cinnamon Bark Oil (21,25).…”

“…Several studies analyze concentration of cariogenic S. mutans by culture methods. Most reported the decrease of salivary and/or plaque S. mutans counts in the probiotic group after the intervention period (21,22,(24)(25)(26)(30)(31)(32). However, only 2 studies didn´t observed statistical differences between these groups (20, 27) Some authors have compared the levels of Lactobacillus spp.…”

Characterization and in vitro assessment of probiotic potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BXM2 from fermented honey passion fruit beverage

“…Currently, an increasing number of functional foods harboring probiotic species are developed for combating different diseases such as gastrointestinal infections, irritated bowel syndrome, constipation and dental caries (Voidarou et al., 2020; Gandhi et al., 2021; Szlufman and Shemesh, 2021). These beneficial functions of probiotic bacteria mainly rely on their inhibitory effects against the pathogens involved in these diseases.…”